popEpi: Epidemiology with population data
The purpose of popEpi is to facilitate computing certain epidemiological statistics where population data is used. Current main attractions:
Splitting, merging population hazards, and aggregating
the lexpand function allows users to split their subject-level
follow-up data into sub-intervals along age, follow-up time and calendar
time, merge corresponding population hazard information to those
intervals, and to aggregate the resulting data if needed.
data(sire)
sr <- sire[1,]
print(sr)
#> sex bi_date dg_date ex_date status dg_age
#> <int> <IDat> <IDat> <IDat> <int> <num>
#> 1: 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.68877x <- lexpand(sr, birth = bi_date, entry = dg_date, exit = ex_date,
status = status %in% 1:2,
fot = 0:5, per = 1994:2000)
print(x)
#> lex.id fot per age lex.dur lex.Cst lex.Xst sex bi_date dg_date ex_date status dg_age
#> 1 0.00 1994.09 41.69 0.91 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689
#> 1 0.91 1995.00 42.60 0.09 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689
#> 1 1.00 1995.09 42.69 0.91 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689
#> 1 1.91 1996.00 43.60 0.09 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689
#> 1 2.00 1996.09 43.69 0.91 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689
#> 1 2.91 1997.00 44.60 0.09 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689
#> 1 3.00 1997.09 44.69 0.91 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689
#> 1 3.91 1998.00 45.60 0.09 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689
#> 1 4.00 1998.09 45.69 0.91 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689
#> 1 4.91 1999.00 46.60 0.09 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689data(popmort)
x <- lexpand(sr, birth = bi_date, entry = dg_date, exit = ex_date,
status = status %in% 1:2,
fot = 0:5, per = 1994:2000, pophaz = popmort)
print(x)
#> lex.id fot per age lex.dur lex.Cst lex.Xst sex bi_date dg_date ex_date status dg_age pop.haz pp
#> 1 0.00 1994.09 41.69 0.91 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689 0.001 1.001
#> 1 0.91 1995.00 42.60 0.09 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689 0.001 1.001
#> 1 1.00 1995.09 42.69 0.91 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689 0.001 1.002
#> 1 1.91 1996.00 43.60 0.09 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689 0.001 1.002
#> 1 2.00 1996.09 43.69 0.91 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689 0.001 1.003
#> 1 2.91 1997.00 44.60 0.09 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689 0.002 1.003
#> 1 3.00 1997.09 44.69 0.91 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689 0.002 1.005
#> 1 3.91 1998.00 45.60 0.09 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689 0.002 1.005
#> 1 4.00 1998.09 45.69 0.91 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689 0.002 1.007
#> 1 4.91 1999.00 46.60 0.09 0 0 1 1952-05-27 1994-02-03 2012-12-31 0 41.689 0.002 1.007a <- lexpand(sr, birth = bi_date, entry = dg_date, exit = ex_date,
status = status %in% 1:2,
fot = 0:5, per = 1994:2000, aggre = list(fot, per))
print(a)
#> Key: <fot, per>
#> fot per pyrs at.risk from0to0
#> <int> <int> <num> <num> <num>
#> 1: 0 1994 0.90958904 0 0
#> 2: 0 1995 0.09041096 1 0
#> 3: 1 1995 0.90958904 0 0
#> 4: 1 1996 0.09041096 1 0
#> 5: 2 1996 0.90958904 0 0
#> 6: 2 1997 0.09041096 1 0
#> 7: 3 1997 0.90958904 0 0
#> 8: 3 1998 0.09041096 1 0
#> 9: 4 1998 0.90958904 0 0
#> 10: 4 1999 0.09041096 1 1SIRs / SMRs
One can make use of the sir function to estimate indirectly
standardised incidence or mortality ratios (SIRs/SMRs). The data can be
aggregated by lexpand or by other means. While sir is simple and
flexible in itself, one may also use sirspline to fit spline functions
for the effect of e.g. age as a continuous variable on SIRs.
data(popmort)
data(sire)
c <- lexpand( sire, status = status %in% 1:2, birth = bi_date, exit = ex_date, entry = dg_date,
breaks = list(per = 1950:2013, age = 1:100, fot = c(0,10,20,Inf)),
aggre = list(fot, agegroup = age, year = per, sex) )
#> dropped 16 rows where entry == exit
se <- sir( coh.data = c, coh.obs = 'from0to1', coh.pyrs = 'pyrs',
ref.data = popmort, ref.rate = 'haz',
adjust = c('agegroup', 'year', 'sex'), print = 'fot')
se
#> SIR (adjusted by agegroup, year, sex) with 95% confidence intervals (profile)
#> Test for homogeneity: p < 0.001
#>
#> Total sir: 3.08 (2.99-3.17)
#> Total observed: 4559
#> Total expected: 1482.13
#> Total person-years: 39906
#>
#> Key: <fot>
#> fot observed expected pyrs sir sir.lo sir.hi p_value
#> <num> <num> <num> <num> <num> <num> <num> <num>
#> 1: 0 4264 1214.54 34445.96 3.51 3.41 3.62 0.000
#> 2: 10 295 267.59 5459.96 1.10 0.98 1.23 0.094(Relative) survival
The survtab function computes observed, net/relative and
cause-specific survivals as well as cumulative incidence functions for
Lexis data. Any of the supported survival time functions can be easily
adjusted by any number of categorical variables if needed.
One can also use survtab_ag for aggregated data. This means the data
does not have to be on the subject-level to compute survival time
function estimates.
library(Epi)
data(sibr)
sire$cancer <- "rectal"
sibr$cancer <- "breast"
sr <- rbind(sire, sibr)
sr$cancer <- factor(sr$cancer)
sr <- sr[sr$dg_date < sr$ex_date, ]
sr$status <- factor(sr$status, levels = 0:2,
labels = c("alive", "canD", "othD"))
x <- Lexis(entry = list(FUT = 0, AGE = dg_age, CAL = get.yrs(dg_date)),
exit = list(CAL = get.yrs(ex_date)),
data = sr,
exit.status = status)
#> NOTE: entry.status has been set to "alive" for all.
st <- survtab(FUT ~ cancer, data = x,
breaks = list(FUT = seq(0, 5, 1/12)),
surv.type = "cif.obs")
st
#>
#> Call:
#> survtab(formula = FUT ~ cancer, data = x, breaks = list(FUT = seq(0, 5, 1/12)), surv.type = "cif.obs")
#>
#> Type arguments:
#> surv.type: cif.obs --- surv.method: hazard
#>
#> Confidence interval arguments:
#> level: 95 % --- transformation: log-log
#>
#> Totals:
#> person-time:62120 --- events: 5375
#>
#> Stratified by: 'cancer'
#> Key: <cancer>
#> cancer Tstop surv.obs.lo surv.obs surv.obs.hi SE.surv.obs CIF_canD CIF_othD
#> <fctr> <num> <num> <num> <num> <num> <num> <num>
#> 1: breast 2.5 0.8804 0.8870 0.8933 0.003290 0.0687 0.0442
#> 2: breast 5.0 0.7899 0.7986 0.8070 0.004368 0.1162 0.0852
#> 3: rectal 2.5 0.6250 0.6359 0.6465 0.005480 0.2981 0.0660
#> 4: rectal 5.0 0.5032 0.5148 0.5263 0.005901 0.3727 0.1125