bsBootMiss: Bollen-Stine Bootstrap with the Existence of Missing Data

Description

Implement the Bollen and Stine's (1992) Bootstrap when missing observations exist. The implemented method is proposed by Savalei and Yuan (2009). This can be used in two ways. The first and easiest option is to fit the model to incomplete data in lavaan using the FIML estimator, then pass that lavaan object to bsBootMis. The second is designed for users of other software packages (e.g., LISREL, EQS, Amos, or Mplus). Users can import their data, chi-squared value, and model-implied moments from another package, and they have the option of saving (or writing to a file) either the transformed data or bootstrapped samples of that data, which can be analyzed in other programs. In order to analyze the bootstrapped samples and return a p value, users of other programs must still specify their model using lavaan syntax.

Usage

bsBootMiss(x, transformation = 2, nBoot = 500, model, rawData,
	Sigma, Mu, group, ChiSquared, EMcov,
	writeTransData = FALSE, transDataOnly = FALSE,
	writeBootData = FALSE, bootSamplesOnly = FALSE,
	writeArgs, seed = NULL, suppressWarn = TRUE, ...)

Arguments

A target lavaan object used in the Bollen-Stine bootstrap

transformation

The transformation methods in Savalei and Yuan (2009). There are three methods in the article, but only the first two are currently implemented here. Use transformation = 1 when there are few missing data patterns, each of which has a large size, such as

nBoot

The number of bootstrap samples.

model

Optional. The target model if x is not provided.

rawData

Optional. The target raw data set if x is not provided.

Sigma

Optional. The model-implied covariance matrix if x is not provided.

Optional. The model-implied mean vector if x is not provided.

group

Optional character string specifying the name of the grouping variable in rawData if x is not provided.

ChiSquared

Optional. The model-implied mean vector if x is not provided.

EMcov

Optional, if x is not provided. The EM (or Two-Stage ML) estimated covariance matrix used to speed up Transformation 2 algorithm.

transDataOnly

Logical. If TRUE, the result will provide the transformed data only.

writeTransData

Logical. If TRUE, the transformed data set is written to a text file, transDataOnly is set to TRUE, and the transformed data is returned invisibly.

bootSamplesOnly

Logical. If TRUE, the result will provide bootstrap data sets only.

writeBootData

Logical. If TRUE, the stacked bootstrap data sets are written to a text file, bootSamplesOnly is set to TRUE, and the list of bootstrap data sets are returned invisibly.

writeArgs

Optional. If TRUE or TRUE are TRUE, user can pass arguments to the write.table function as a list. Some default values are provided: file = "boo

seed

The seed number used in randomly drawing bootstrap samples.

suppressWarn

Logical. If TRUE, warnings from lavaan function will be suppressed when fitting the model to each bootstrap sample.

...

The additional arguments in the lavaan function.

Value

As a default, this function returns BootMiss object containing the results of the bootstrap samples. Users can use print, summary, or hist functions to examine the results. The transformed data is returned instead if transDataOnly is TRUE. The bootstrap data sets are returned if bootSamplesOnly is TRUE.

References

Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. A. (1992). Bootstrapping goodness-of-fit measures in structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 21, 205-229. doi:10.1177/0049124192021002004 Savalei, V., & Yuan, K.-H. (2009). On the model-based bootstrap with missing data: obtaining a p-value for a test of exact fit. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 44, 741-763. doi:10.1080/00273170903333590

Examples

Run this code

dat1 <- HolzingerSwineford1939
dat1$x5 <- ifelse(dat1$x1 <= quantile(dat1$x1, .3), NA, dat1$x5)
dat1$x9 <- ifelse(is.na(dat1$x5), NA, dat1$x9)

targetModel <- "visual  =~ x1 + x2 + x3
textual =~ x4 + x5 + x6
speed   =~ x7 + x8 + x9
"
targetFit <- sem(targetModel, dat1, meanstructure = TRUE, std.lv = TRUE,
                 missing = "fiml", group = "school")
summary(targetFit, fit = TRUE, standardized = TRUE)

# The number of bootstrap samples should be much higher.
temp <- bsBootMiss(targetFit, transformation = 1, nBoot = 10, seed = 31415)

temp
summary(temp)
hist(temp)
## user can specify confidence level (default = 0.95), the location of
## the legend ("none", "right", or "left"), and pass other arguments to hist()
hist(temp, conf = .90, legend = "none", xlab = "something else", breaks = 25)