metafor (version 1.9-9)

dat.molloy2014: Studies on the Relationship between Conscientiousness and Medication Adherence

Description

Results from 16 studies on the correlation between conscientiousness and medication adherence.

Usage

dat.molloy2014

Format

The data frame contains the following columns:

authors	character
study authors	year
numeric	publication year
ni	numeric
sample size of the study	ri
numeric	observed correlation
controls	character
number of variables controlled for	design
character	whether a cross-sectional or prospective design was used
a_measure	character
type of adherence measure (self-report or other)	c_measure
character	type of conscientiousness measure (NEO or other)
meanage	numeric
mean age of the sample	authors

Source

Molloy, G. J., O'Carroll, R. E., & Ferguson, E. (2014). Conscientiousness and medication adherence: A meta-analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 47, 92--101.

Details

Conscientiousness, one of the big-5 personality traits, can be defined as “socially prescribed impulse control that facilitates task- and goal-directed behaviour, such as thinking before acting, delaying gratification, following norms and rules and planning, organising and prioritising tasks” (John & Srivastava, 1999). Conscientiousness has been shown to be related to a number of health-related behaviors (e.g., tobacco/alcohol/drug use, diet and activity patterns, risky behaviors). A recent meta-analysis by Molloy et al. (2014) examined to what extent conscientiousness is related to medication adherence, that is, the extent to which (typically chronically ill) patients follow a prescribed medication regimen (e.g., taking a daily dose of a cholesterol lowering drug in patients with high LDL serum cholesterol levels). The results from the 16 studies included in this meta-analysis are provided in this dataset.

Variable a_measure indicates whether adherence was measured based on self-reports or a more ‘objective’ measure (e.g., electronic monitoring of pill bottle openings, pill counts). Variable c_measure indicates whether conscientiousness was measured with some version of the NEO personality inventory or some other scale. Methodological quality was scored by the authors on a 1 to 4 scale with higher scores indicating higher quality (see article for details on how this score was derived).

References

John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five Trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 102-138). New York: Guilford Press.

Examples

### load data
dat <- get(data(dat.molloy2014))

### calculate r-to-z transformed correlations and corresponding sampling variances
dat <- escalc(measure="ZCOR", ri=ri, ni=ni, data=dat, slab=paste(authors, year, sep=", "))
dat

### meta-analysis of the transformed correlations using a random-effects model
res <- rma(yi, vi, data=dat)
res

### average correlation with 95% CI
predict(res, digits=3, transf=transf.ztor)

### forest plot
forest(res, addcred=TRUE, xlim=c(-1.6,1.6), atransf=transf.ztor, 
       at=transf.rtoz(c(-.4,-.2,0,.2,.4,.6)), digits=c(2,1), cex=.8)
text(-1.6, 18, "Author(s), Year", pos=4, cex=.8)
text( 1.6, 18, "Correlation [95% CI]", pos=2, cex=.8)

### funnel plot
funnel(res)