cluster (version 1.9.2)

diana: DIvisive ANAlysis Clustering

Description

Computes a divisive hierarchical clustering of the dataset returning an object of class diana.

Usage

diana(x, diss = inherits(x, "dist"), metric = "euclidean", stand = FALSE,
      keep.diss = n < 100, keep.data = !diss)

Arguments

x

data matrix or data frame, or dissimilarity matrix or object, depending on the value of the diss argument.

In case of a matrix or data frame, each row corresponds to an observation, and each column corresponds to a variable. All

diss

logical flag: if TRUE (default for dist or dissimilarity objects), then x will be considered as a dissimilarity matrix. If FALSE, then x will be considered as a matrix of observations by var

metric

character string specifying the metric to be used for calculating dissimilarities between observations. The currently available options are "euclidean" and "manhattan". Euclidean distances are root sum-of-squares of differences, and manhattan

stand

logical; if true, the measurements in x are standardized before calculating the dissimilarities. Measurements are standardized for each variable (column), by subtracting the variable's mean value and dividing by the variable's me

keep.diss, keep.data

logicals indicating if the dissimilarities and/or input data x should be kept in the result. Setting these to FALSE can give much smaller results and hence even save memory allocation time.

Value

• an object of class "diana" representing the clustering. See ?diana.object for details.

Details

diana is fully described in chapter 6 of Kaufman and Rousseeuw (1990). It is probably unique in computing a divisive hierarchy, whereas most other software for hierarchical clustering is agglomerative. Moreover, diana provides (a) the divisive coefficient (see diana.object) which measures the amount of clustering structure found; and (b) the banner, a novel graphical display (see plot.diana).

The diana-algorithm constructs a hierarchy of clusterings, starting with one large cluster containing all n observations. Clusters are divided until each cluster contains only a single observation. At each stage, the cluster with the largest diameter is selected. (The diameter of a cluster is the largest dissimilarity between any two of its observations.) To divide the selected cluster, the algorithm first looks for its most disparate observation (i.e., which has the largest average dissimilarity to the other observations of the selected cluster). This observation initiates the "splinter group". In subsequent steps, the algorithm reassigns observations that are closer to the "splinter group" than to the "old party". The result is a division of the selected cluster into two new clusters.

See Also

agnes also for background and references; diana.object, daisy, dist, plot.diana, twins.object.

Examples

data(votes.repub)
dv <- diana(votes.repub, metric = "manhattan", stand = TRUE)
print(dv)
plot(dv)

data(agriculture)
## Plot similar to Figure 8 in ref
plot(diana(agriculture), ask = TRUE)
<testonly>plot(diana(agriculture))</testonly>