For a backcross, one can simply count recombination events. For an
intercross or 4-way cross, a version of the EM algorithm must be used
to estimate recombination fractions. (Since, for example, in an
intercross individual that is heterozygous at two loci, it is not
known whether there were 0 or 2 recombination events.) Note that, for
the 4-way cross, we estimate sex-averaged recombination fractions.