joincount.multi: BB, BW and Jtot join count statistic for k-coloured factors

Description

A function for tallying join counts between same-colour and different colour spatial objects, where neighbour relations are defined by a weights list. Given the global counts in each colour, expected counts and variances are calculated under non-free sampling, and a z-value reported. Since multiple tests are reported, no p-values are given, allowing the user to adjust the significance level applied. Jtot is the count of all different-colour joins.

Usage

joincount.multi(fx, listw, zero.policy = FALSE, spChk = NULL)
print.jcmulti(x, ...)

Arguments

a factor of the same length as the neighbours and weights objects in listw

listw

a listw object created for example by nb2listw

zero.policy

if TRUE assign zero to the lagged value of zones without neighbours, if FALSE assign NA

spChk

should the data vector names be checked against the spatial objects for identity integrity, TRUE, or FALSE, default NULL to use get.spChkOption()

object to be printed

...

arguments to be passed through for printing

Value

A matrix with class jcmulti with row and column names for observed and expected counts, variance, and z-value.

References

Cliff, A. D., Ord, J. K. 1981 Spatial processes, Pion, p. 20; Upton, G., Fingleton, B. 1985 Spatial data analysis by example: point pattern and quatitative data, Wiley, pp. 158--170.

Examples

Run this code

data(oldcol)
HICRIME <- cut(COL.OLD$CRIME, breaks=c(0,35,80), labels=c("low","high"))
names(HICRIME) <- rownames(COL.OLD)
joincount.multi(HICRIME, nb2listw(COL.nb, style="B"))
data(hopkins)
image(1:32, 1:32, hopkins[5:36,36:5], breaks=c(-0.5, 3.5, 20),
 col=c("white", "black"))
box()
hopkins.rook.nb <- cell2nb(32, 32, type="rook")
unlist(spweights.constants(nb2listw(hopkins.rook.nb, style="B")))
hopkins.queen.nb <- cell2nb(32, 32, type="queen")
hopkins.bishop.nb <- diffnb(hopkins.rook.nb, hopkins.queen.nb, verbose=FALSE)
hopkins4 <- hopkins[5:36,36:5]
hopkins4[which(hopkins4 > 3, arr.ind=TRUE)] <- 4
hopkins4.f <- factor(hopkins4)
table(hopkins4.f)
joincount.multi(hopkins4.f, nb2listw(hopkins.rook.nb, style="B"))
cat("replicates Upton & Fingleton table 3.4 (p. 166)
")
joincount.multi(hopkins4.f, nb2listw(hopkins.bishop.nb, style="B"))
cat("replicates Upton & Fingleton table 3.6 (p. 168)
")
joincount.multi(hopkins4.f, nb2listw(hopkins.queen.nb, style="B"))
cat("replicates Upton & Fingleton table 3.7 (p. 169)
")