mvoutlier (version 2.1.1)

pcout: PCOut Method for Outlier Identification in High Dimensions

Description

Fast algorithm for identifying multivariate outliers in high-dimensional and/or large datasets, using the algorithm of Filzmoser, Maronna, and Werner (CSDA, 2007).

Usage

pcout(x, makeplot = FALSE, explvar = 0.99, crit.M1 = 1/3, crit.c1 = 2.5, 
   crit.M2 = 1/4, crit.c2 = 0.99, cs = 0.25, outbound = 0.25, ...)

Arguments

x

a numeric matrix or data frame which provides the data for outlier detection

makeplot

a logical value indicating whether a diagnostic plot should be generated (default to FALSE)

explvar

a numeric value between 0 and 1 indicating how much variance should be covered by the robust PCs (default to 0.99)

crit.M1

a numeric value between 0 and 1 indicating the quantile to be used as lower boundary for location outlier detection (default to 1/3)

crit.c1

a positive numeric value used for determining the upper boundary for location outlier detection (default to 2.5)

crit.M2

a numeric value between 0 and 1 indicating the quantile to be used as lower boundary for scatter outlier detection (default to 1/4)

crit.c2

a numeric value between 0 and 1 indicating the quantile to be used as upper boundary for scatter outlier detection (default to 0.99)

cs

a numeric value indicating the scaling constant for combined location and scatter weights (default to 0.25)

outbound

a numeric value between 0 and 1 indicating the outlier boundary for defining values as final outliers (default to 0.25)

…

additional plot parameters, see help(par)

Value

wfinal01

0/1 vector with final weights for each observation; weight 0 indicates potential multivariate outliers.

wfinal

numeric vector with final weights for each observation; small values indicate potential multivariate outliers.

wloc

numeric vector with weights for each observation; small values indicate potential location outliers.

wscat

numeric vector with weights for each observation; small values indicate potential scatter outliers.

x.dist1

numeric vector with distances for location outlier detection.

x.dist2

numeric vector with distances for scatter outlier detection.

M1

upper boundary for assigning weight 1 in location outlier detection.

const1

lower boundary for assigning weight 0 in location outlier detection.

M2

upper boundary for assigning weight 1 in scatter outlier detection.

const2

lower boundary for assigning weight 0 in scatter outlier detection.

Details

Based on the robustly sphered data, semi-robust principal components are computed which are needed for determining distances for each observation. Separate weights for location and scatter outliers are computed based on these distances. The combined weights are used for outlier identification.

References

P. Filzmoser, R. Maronna, M. Werner. Outlier identification in high dimensions, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 52, 1694-1711, 2008.

See Also

sign1, sign2

Examples

# NOT RUN {
# geochemical data from northern Europe
data(bsstop)
x=bsstop[,5:14]
# identify multivariate outliers
x.out=pcout(x,makeplot=FALSE)
# visualize multivariate outliers in the map
op <- par(mfrow=c(1,2))
data(bss.background)
pbb(asp=1)
points(bsstop$XCOO,bsstop$YCOO,pch=16,col=x.out$wfinal01+2)
title("Outlier detection based on pcout")
legend("topleft",legend=c("potential outliers","regular observations"),pch=16,col=c(2,3))

# compare with outlier detection based on MCD:
x.mcd <- robustbase::covMcd(x)
pbb(asp=1)
points(bsstop$XCOO,bsstop$YCOO,pch=16,col=x.mcd$mcd.wt+2)
title("Outlier detection based on MCD")
legend("topleft",legend=c("potential outliers","regular observations"),pch=16,col=c(2,3))
par(op)
# }