reservoir (version 1.1.5)

sdp_hydro: Stochastic Dynamic Programming for hydropower reservoirs

Description

Determines the optimal policy of turbined releases to maximise the total energy produced by the reservoir. The policy can be based on season and storage level, or season, storage level, and current-period inflow.

Usage

sdp_hydro(Q, capacity, capacity_live = capacity, surface_area, max_depth, evap, installed_cap, head, qmax, efficiency = 0.9, S_disc = 1000, R_disc = 10, Q_disc = c(0, 0.2375, 0.475, 0.7125, 0.95, 1), S_initial = 1, plot = TRUE, tol = 0.99, Markov = FALSE)

Arguments

Q

time series object. Net inflows to the reservoir. Must be in volumetric units of Mm^3.

capacity

numerical. The total reservoir storage capacity (including unusable "dead" storage). Must be in Mm^3.

capacity_live

numerical. The volume of usable water in the reservoir ("live capacity" or "active storage"). capacity_live

surface_area

numerical. The reservoir surface area at full capacity. Must be in square kilometers (km^2), or Mm^2.

max_depth

numerical. The maximum water depth of the reservoir at maximum capacity. If omitted, the depth-storage-area relationship will be estimated from surface area and capacity only. Recommended units: meters.

evap

vector or time series object of length Q, or a numerical constant, representing evaporation loss potential from reservoir surface. Varies with level if depth and surface_area parameters are specified. Must be in meters, or kg/m2 * 10 ^ -3.

installed_cap

numerical. The hydropower plant electric capacity (MW).

head

numerical. The maximum hydraulic head of the hydropower plant (m). Can be omitted if qmax is supplied.

qmax

numerical. The maximum flow into the hydropower plant. Can be omitted and estimated if head is supplied. Must be in volumetric units of Mm^3.

efficiency

numerical. The hydropower plant efficiency. Default is 0.9, but, unless user specifies an efficiency, it will be automatically re-estimated if head and qmax are supplied.

S_disc

integer. Storage discretization--the number of equally-sized storage states. Default = 1000.

R_disc

integer. Release discretization. Default = 10 divisions.

Q_disc

vector. Inflow discretization bounding quantiles. Defaults to five inflow classes bounded by quantile vector c(0.0, 0.2375, 0.4750, 0.7125, 0.95, 1.0).

S_initial

numeric. The initial storage as a ratio of capacity (0

plot

logical. If TRUE (the default) the storage behavior diagram and release time series are plotted.

tol

numerical. The tolerance for policy convergence. The default value is 0.990.

Markov

logical. If TRUE the current period inflow is used as a hydrological state variable and inflow persistence is incorporated using a first-order, periodic Markov chain. The default is FALSE.

Value

Returns the optimal release policy, associated Bellman function, simulated storage, release, evaporation, depth, uncontrolled spill, and power generated, and total energy generated.

See Also

dp_hydro for deterministic Dynamic Programming for hydropower reservoirs.

Examples

layout(1:4)
sdp_hydro(resX$Q_Mm3, resX$cap_Mm3, surface_area = resX$A_km2,
installed_cap = resX$Inst_cap_MW, qmax = mean(resX$Q_Mm3))
sdp_hydro(resX$Q_Mm3, resX$cap_Mm3, surface_area = resX$A_km2,
installed_cap = resX$Inst_cap_MW, qmax = mean(resX$Q_Mm3), Markov = TRUE)