gRain (version 1.3-0)

grain-evidence: Set evidence.

Description

Set, update and remove evidence..

Usage

setEvidence(object, nodes = NULL, states = NULL, evidence = NULL,
  nslist = NULL, propagate = TRUE, details = 0)
retractEvidence(object, nodes = NULL, propagate = TRUE)
absorbEvidence(object, propagate = TRUE)

Arguments

object

A "grain" object

nodes

A vector of nodes; those nodes for which the (conditional) distribution is requested.

states

A vector of states (of the nodes given by 'nodes')

evidence

An alternative way of specifying findings (evidence), see examples below.

nslist

deprecated

propagate

Should the network be propagated?

details

Debugging information

Value

A list of tables with potentials.

References

S<U+00F8>ren H<U+00F8>jsgaard (2012). Graphical Independence Networks with the gRain Package for R. Journal of Statistical Software, 46(10), 1-26. http://www.jstatsoft.org/v46/i10/.

See Also

setFinding getFinding retractFinding pFinding

Examples

# NOT RUN {
testfile <- system.file("huginex", "chest_clinic.net", package = "gRain")
chest <- loadHuginNet(testfile, details=0)
qb <- querygrain(chest)
qb

lapply(qb, as.numeric) # Safe
sapply(qb, as.numeric) # Risky

## setFinding / setEvidence

yn <- c("yes","no")
a    <- cptable(~asia, values=c(1,99),levels=yn)
t.a  <- cptable(~tub+asia, values=c(5,95,1,99),levels=yn)
s    <- cptable(~smoke, values=c(5,5), levels=yn)
l.s  <- cptable(~lung+smoke, values=c(1,9,1,99), levels=yn)
b.s  <- cptable(~bronc+smoke, values=c(6,4,3,7), levels=yn)
e.lt <- cptable(~either+lung+tub,values=c(1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1),levels=yn)
x.e  <- cptable(~xray+either, values=c(98,2,5,95), levels=yn)
d.be <- cptable(~dysp+bronc+either, values=c(9,1,7,3,8,2,1,9), levels=yn)
plist <- compileCPT(list(a, t.a, s, l.s, b.s, e.lt, x.e, d.be))
chest <- grain(plist)


## 1) These two forms are identical
setEvidence(chest, c("asia","xray"), c("yes", "yes"))
setFinding(chest, c("asia","xray"), c("yes", "yes"))

## 2) Suppose we do not know with certainty whether a patient has
## recently been to Asia. We can then introduce a new variable
## "guess.asia" with "asia" as its only parent. Suppose
## p(guess.asia=yes|asia=yes)=.8 and p(guess.asia=yes|asia=no)=.1
## If the patient is e.g. unusually tanned we may set
## guess.asia=yes and propagate. This corresponds to modifying the
## model by the likelihood (0.8, 0.1) as
setEvidence(chest, c("asia","xray"), list(c(0.8,0.1), "yes"))

## 3) Hence, the same result as in 1) can be obtained with
setEvidence(chest, c("asia","xray"), list(c(1, 0), "yes"))

## 4) An alternative specification using evidence is
setEvidence(chest, evidence=list("asia"=c(1, 0), "xray"="yes"))

# }