# NOT RUN {
require(mgcv); n <- 100; set.seed(2)
x <- runif(n); y <- x + x^2*.2 + rnorm(n) *.1
## is smooth significantly different from straight line?
summary(gam(y~s(x,m=c(2,0))+x,method="REML")) ## not quite
## is smooth significatly different from zero?
summary(gam(y~s(x),method="REML")) ## yes!
## Fool bam(...,discrete=TRUE) into (strange) nested
## model fit...
set.seed(2) ## simulate some data...
dat <- gamSim(1,n=400,dist="normal",scale=2)
dat$x1a <- dat$x1 ## copy x1 so bam allows 2 copies of x1
## Following removes identifiability problem, by removing
## linear terms from second smooth, and then re-inserting
## the one that was not a duplicate (x2)...
b <- bam(y~s(x0,x1)+s(x1a,x2,m=c(2,0))+x2,data=dat,discrete=TRUE)
## example of knot based tprs...
k <- 10; m <- 2
y <- y[order(x)];x <- x[order(x)]
b <- gam(y~s(x,k=k,m=m),method="REML",
knots=list(x=seq(0,1,length=k)))
X <- model.matrix(b)
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
plot(x,X[,1],ylim=range(X),type="l")
for (i in 2:ncol(X)) lines(x,X[,i],col=i)
## compare with eigen based (default)
b1 <- gam(y~s(x,k=k,m=m),method="REML")
X1 <- model.matrix(b1)
plot(x,X1[,1],ylim=range(X1),type="l")
for (i in 2:ncol(X1)) lines(x,X1[,i],col=i)
## see ?gam
# }
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