AER (version 1.2-9)

FrozenJuice: Price of Frozen Orange Juice

Description

Monthly data on the price of frozen orange juice concentrate and temperature in the orange-growing region of Florida.

Usage

data("FrozenJuice")

Format

A monthly multiple time series from 1950(1) to 2000(12) with 3 variables.

price

Average producer price for frozen orange juice.

ppi

Producer price index for finished goods. Used to deflate the overall producer price index for finished goods to eliminate the effects of overall price inflation.

fdd

Number of freezing degree days at the Orlando, Florida, airport. Calculated as the sum of the number of degrees Fahrenheit that the minimum temperature falls below freezing (32 degrees Fahrenheit = about 0 degrees Celsius) in a given day over all days in the month: fdd = sum(max(0, 32 - minimum daily temperature)), e.g. for February fdd is the number of freezing degree days from January 11 to February 10.

Details

The orange juice price data are the frozen orange juice component of processed foods and feeds group of the Producer Price Index (PPI), collected by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS series wpu02420301). The orange juice price series was divided by the overall PPI for finished goods to adjust for general price inflation. The freezing degree days series was constructed from daily minimum temperatures recorded at Orlando area airports, obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the US Department of Commerce.

References

Stock, J.H. and Watson, M.W. (2007). Introduction to Econometrics, 2nd ed. Boston: Addison Wesley.

See Also

StockWatson2007

Examples

# NOT RUN {
## load data
data("FrozenJuice")

## Stock and Watson, p. 594
library("dynlm")
fm_dyn <- dynlm(d(100 * log(price/ppi)) ~ fdd, data = FrozenJuice)
coeftest(fm_dyn, vcov = vcovHC(fm_dyn, type = "HC1"))

## equivalently, returns can be computed 'by hand'
## (reducing the complexity of the formula notation)
fj <- ts.union(fdd = FrozenJuice[, "fdd"],
  ret = 100 * diff(log(FrozenJuice[,"price"]/FrozenJuice[,"ppi"])))
fm_dyn <- dynlm(ret ~ fdd, data = fj)

## Stock and Watson, p. 595
fm_dl <- dynlm(ret ~ L(fdd, 0:6), data = fj)
coeftest(fm_dl, vcov = vcovHC(fm_dl, type = "HC1"))

## Stock and Watson, Table 15.1, p. 620, numbers refer to columns
## (1) Dynamic Multipliers 
fm1 <- dynlm(ret ~ L(fdd, 0:18), data = fj)
coeftest(fm1, vcov = NeweyWest(fm1, lag = 7, prewhite =  FALSE))
## (2) Cumulative Multipliers
fm2 <- dynlm(ret ~ L(d(fdd), 0:17) + L(fdd, 18), data = fj)
coeftest(fm2, vcov = NeweyWest(fm2, lag = 7, prewhite =  FALSE))
## (3) Cumulative Multipliers, more lags in NW
coeftest(fm2, vcov = NeweyWest(fm2, lag = 14, prewhite =  FALSE))
## (4) Cumulative Multipliers with monthly indicators
fm4 <- dynlm(ret ~ L(d(fdd), 0:17) + L(fdd, 18) + season(fdd), data = fj)
coeftest(fm4, vcov = NeweyWest(fm4, lag = 7, prewhite =  FALSE))
## monthly indicators needed?
fm4r <- update(fm4, . ~ . - season(fdd))
waldtest(fm4, fm4r, vcov= NeweyWest(fm4, lag = 7, prewhite = FALSE)) ## close ...
# }