Bolstad2 (version 1.0-29)

normGibbs: Draw a sample from a posterior distribution of data with an unknown mean and variance using Gibbs sampling

Description

normGibbs draws a Gibbs sample from the posterior distribution of the parameters given the data fron normal distribution with unknown mean and variance. The prior for \(\mu\) given \(var\) is prior mean \(m0\) and prior variance \(var/n0\) . That means \(n0\) is the 'equivalent sample size.' The prior distribution of the variance is \(s0\) times an inverse chi-squared with \(kappa0\) degrees of freedom. The joint prior is the product \(g(var)g(mu|var)\).

Usage

normGibbs(y, steps = 1000, type = "ind", ...)

Arguments

y

A vector containing the data

steps

The number of iterations of Gibbs sampling to carry out

type

Either 'ind' for sampling from an independent conjugate prior or 'joint' for sampling from a joint conjugate prior. 'i' and 'j' can be used as compact notation

…

If type = 'ind' then the user can specify the prior for \(\mu\) with a parameter priorMu which can either be a single number m0, or m0 and n0. if m0 and n0 are not specified then m0 and n0 are 0 by default. The user can also specify priorVar, which if given, must be a vector with two elements s0 and kappa0. If s0 and kappa0 are not given then they are zero by default. If type = 'joint' then priorMu must be a vector of length two with elements m0 and sd0. The user can also specify priorVar, which if given, must be a vector with two elements s0 and kappa0. If s0 and kappa0 are not given then they are zero by default.

Value

A data frame containing three variables

[1,]	mu	a sample from the posterior distribution of the mean
[2,]	sig	a sample from the posterior distribution of the standard deviation
[3,]	mu	a sample from the posterior distribution of the variance = sig^2

Examples

# NOT RUN {
## firstly generate some random data
mu = rnorm(1)
sigma = rgamma(1,5,1)
y = rnorm(100, mu, sigma)

## A \eqn{N(10,3^2)} prior for \eqn{\mu} and a 25 times inverse chi-squared
## with one degree of freedom prior for \eqn{\sigma^2}
MCMCSampleInd = normGibbs(y, steps = 5000, priorMu = c(10,3),
                           priorVar = c(25,1))


## We can also use a joint conjugate prior for \eqn{\mu} and \eqn{\sigma^2}.
## This will be a \emph{normal}\eqn{(m,\sigma^2/n_0)} prior for \eqn{\mu} given
## the variance \eqn{\sigma^2}, and an \eqn{s0} times an \emph{inverse
## chi-squared} prior for \eqn{\sigma^2}.
MCMCSampleJoint = normGibbs(y, steps = 5000, type = 'joint',
                             priorMu = c(10,3), priorVar = c(25,1))

## Now plot the results
oldPar = par(mfrow=c(2,2))

plot(density(MCMCSampleInd$mu),xlab=expression(mu), main =
'Independent')
abline(v=mu)
plot(density(MCMCSampleInd$sig),xlab=expression(sig), main =
'Independent')
abline(v=sigma)

plot(density(MCMCSampleJoint$mu),xlab=expression(mu), main =
'Joint')
abline(v=mu)
plot(density(MCMCSampleJoint$sig),xlab=expression(sig), main =
'Joint')
abline(v=sigma)


# }