Learn R Programming

Tools for Descriptive Statistics and Exploratory Data Analysis

DescTools is an extensive collection of miscellaneous basic statistics functions and comfort wrappers not available in the R basic system for efficient description of data. The author’s intention was to create a toolbox, which facilitates the (notoriously time consuming) first descriptive tasks in data analysis, consisting of calculating descriptive statistics, drawing graphical summaries and reporting the results. The package contains furthermore functions to produce documents using MS Word (or PowerPoint) and functions to import data from Excel.

A considerable part of the included functions can be found scattered in other packages and other sources written partly by Titans of R. The reason for collecting them here, was primarily to have them consolidated in ONE instead of dozens of packages (which themselves might depend on other packages, which are not needed at all), and to provide a common and consistent interface as far as function and arguments naming, NA handling, recycling rules etc. are concerned. Google style guides were used as naming rules (in absence of convincing alternatives). The ‘CamelStyle’ was consequently applied to functions borrowed from contributed R packages as well.

Feedback, feature requests, bug reports and other suggestions are welcome! Please report problems to GitHub issues tracker (preferred), Stack Overflow mentioning DescTools or directly to the maintainer.

Installation

You can install the released version of DescTools from CRAN with:

install.packages("DescTools")

And the development version from GitHub with:

if (!require("remotes")) install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("AndriSignorell/DescTools")

Warning

Warning: This package is still under development. Although the code seems meanwhile quite stable, until release of version 1.0 you should be aware that everything in the package might be subject to change. Backward compatibility is not yet guaranteed. Functions may be deleted or renamed and new syntax may be inconsistent with earlier versions. By release of version 1.0 the “deprecated-defunct process” will be installed.

MS-Office

To make use of MS-Office features, you must have Office in one of its variants installed. All Wrd*, XL* and Pp* functions require the package RDCOMClient to be installed as well. Hence the use of these functions is restricted to Windows systems. RDCOMClient can be installed with:

install.packages("RDCOMClient", repos="http://www.omegahat.net/R")

The omegahat repository does not benefit from the same update service as CRAN. So you may be forced to install a package compiled with an earlier version, which usually is not a problem. Use e.g. for R 3.6.x/R 4.0.x:

url <- "http://www.omegahat.net/R/bin/windows/contrib/3.5.1/RDCOMClient_0.93-0.zip"
url <- "http://www.omegahat.net/R/bin/windows/contrib/4.0/RDCOMClient_0.94-0.zip"
install.packages(url, repos = NULL, type = "binary")

RDCOMClient does not exist for Mac or Linux, sorry.

Authors

Andri Signorell
Helsana Versicherungen AG, Health Sciences, Zurich
HWZ University of Applied Sciences in Business Administration Zurich.

R is a community project. This can be seen from the fact that this package includes R source code and/or documentation previously published by various authors and contributors. Special thanks go to Beat Bruengger, Mathias Frueh, Daniel Wollschlaeger for their valuable contributions and testing. The good things come from all these guys, any problems are likely due to my tweaking. Thank you all!

Maintainer: Andri Signorell

Examples

library(DescTools)
demo(describe, package = "DescTools")
demo(plots, package = "DescTools")

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Version

Install

install.packages('DescTools')

Monthly Downloads

81,849

Version

0.99.58

License

GPL (>= 2)

Issues

Pull Requests

Stars

Forks

Maintainer

Andri Signorell

Last Published

November 8th, 2024

Functions in DescTools (0.99.58)

Asp

Get Aspect Ratio of the Current Plot
AppendRowNames

Append Rownames to a Data Frame
AscToChar

Convert ASCII Codes to Characters and Vice Versa
BartelsRankTest

Bartels Rank Test of Randomness
Atkinson

Atkinson Index - A Measure of Inequality.
AxisBreak

Place a Break Mark on an Axis
BarText

Place Value Labels on a Barplot
BarnardTest

Barnard's Unconditional Test
Assocs

Association Measures
Base Conversions

Converts Numbers From Binmode, Octmode or Hexmode to Decimal and Vice Versa
BhapkarTest

Bhapkar Marginal Homogeneity Test
Bg

Background of a Plot
BinTree

Binary Tree
BinomCIn

Sample Size for a Given Width of a Binomial Confidence Interval
BinomRatioCI

Confidence Intervals for the Ratio of Binomial Proportions
Between, Outside

Operators To Check, If a Value Lies Within Or Outside a Given Range
Benford

Benford's Distribution
BinomDiffCI

Confidence Interval for a Difference of Binomials
BinomCI

Confidence Intervals for Binomial Proportions
BootCI

Simple Bootstrap Confidence Intervals
BrierScore

Brier Score for Assessing Prediction Accuracy
BubbleLegend

Add a Legend to a Bubble Plot
CCC

Concordance Correlation Coefficient
BreuschGodfreyTest

Breusch-Godfrey Test
BoxCoxLambda

Automatic Selection of Box Cox Transformation Parameter
BoxCox

Box Cox Transformation
BoxedText

Add Text in a Box to a Plot
BrierScoreCI

Confidence Intervals for the BrierScore
Canvas

Canvas for Geometric Plotting
CatTable

Function to write a table
BreslowDayTest

Breslow-Day Test for Homogeneity of the Odds Ratios
CartToPol

Transform Cartesian to Polar/Spherical Coordinates and Vice Versa
CohenD

Cohen's Effect Size
CochranQTest

Cochran's Q test
CoefVar

Coefficient of Variation
Clockwise

Calculates Begin and End Angle From a List of Given Angles in Clockwise Mode
CohenKappa

Cohen's Kappa and Weighted Kappa
Closest

Find the Closest Value
CochranArmitageTest

Cochran-Armitage Test for Trend
Coalesce

Return the First Element Not Being NA
ColToHsv

R Color to HSV Conversion
ColumnWrap

Column Wrap
ColToHex

Convert a Color or a RGB-color Into Hex String
ColToGrey

Convert Colors to Grey/Grayscale
CombPairs

Get All Pairs Out of One or Two Sets of Elements
ColToRgb

Color to RGB Conversion
CollapseTable

Collapse Levels of a Table
CorPart

Find the Correlations for a Set x of Variables With Set y Removed
CorPolychor

Polychoric Correlation
ColorLegend

Add a ColorLegend to a Plot
ConnLines

Add Connection Lines to a Barplot
ConDisPairs

Concordant and Discordant Pairs
CompleteColumns

Find Complete Columns
Conf

Confusion Matrix And Associated Statistics
CountCompCases

Count Complete Cases
CountWorkDays

Count Work Days Between Two Dates
Contrasts

Pairwise Contrasts
ConoverTest

Conover's Test of Multiple Comparisons
CutAge

Create a Factor Variable by Cutting an Age Variable
Cstat

C Statistic (Area Under the ROC Curve)
CstatCI

Confidence Intervals for the C Statistic (AUC)
CramerVonMisesTest

Cramer-von Mises Test for Normality
ConvUnit

Unit Conversion and Metrix Prefixes
CourseData

Get HWZ Datasets
Association measures

Cramer's V, Pearson's Contingency Coefficient and Phi Coefficient
Yule's Q and Y, Tschuprow's T
Cor

Covariance and Correlation (Matrices)
CronbachAlpha

Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha
Cross

Vector Cross Product
CrossN

n-dimensional Vector Cross Product
CutQ

Create a Factor Variable Using the Quantiles of a Continuous Variable
DivCoefMax

Maximal value of Rao's diversity coefficient also called quadratic entropy
Date Functions

Basic Date Functions
Divisors

Calculate Divisors
Datasets for Simulation

Datasets for Probabilistic Simulation
DescTools-package

Tools for Descriptive Statistics and Exploratory Data Analysis
DescToolsOptions

DescTools Options
DivCoef

Rao's Diversity Coefficient
DigitSum

Calculate Digit Sum
DrawBand

Draw Confidence Band
DegToRad

Convert Degrees to Radians and Vice Versa
DrawRegPolygon

Draw Regular Polygon(s)
Dot

Scalar Product
Dummy

Generate Dummy Codes for a Factor
DrawArc

Draw Elliptic Arc(s)
Desc

Describe Data
EX

Expected Value and Variance
DrawEllipse

Draw an Ellipse
ExpFreq

Expected Frequencies
ExtrVal

Distributions of Maxima and Minima
DrawCircle

Draw a Circle
DurbinWatsonTest

Durbin-Watson Test
Frac

Fractional Part and Maximal Digits of a Numeric Value
DunnTest

Dunn's Test of Multiple Comparisons
DunnettTest

Dunnett's Test for Comparing Several Treatments With a Control
GCD, LCM

Greatest Common Divisor and Least Common Multiple
Frechet

The Frechet Distribution
DoCall

Fast Alternative To The Internal do.call
DoBy

Evaluates a Function Groupwise
GenRandGroups

Generate Random Groups
GTest

G-Test for Count Data
DrawBezier

Draw a Bezier Curve
FctArgs

Retrieve a Function's Arguments
Factorize

Prime Factorization of Integers
Entropy

Shannon Entropy and Mutual Information
FixToTable

Convert a Text to a Table
ErrBars

Add Error Bars to an Existing Plot
GenExtrVal

The Generalized Extreme Value Distribution
GenPareto

The Generalized Pareto Distribution
GeomSn

Geometric Series
Gumbel

The Gumbel Distribution
EtaSq

Effect Size Calculations for ANOVAs
GetCalls

Return All Used Functions Within a Function
GoodmanKruskalTau

Goodman Kruskal's Tau
HosmerLemeshowTest

Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness of Fit Tests
GeomTrans

Geometric Transformations
FindCorr

Determine Highly Correlated Variables
Eps

Greenhouse-Geisser And Huynh-Feldt Epsilons
FisherZ

Fisher-Transformation for Correlation to z-Score
HoeffD

Matrix of Hoeffding's D Statistics
Format

Format Numbers and Dates
GiniSimpson

Gini-Simpson Coefficient, Gini-Deltas coefficient and Hunter-Gaston Index
Fibonacci

Fibonacci Numbers
IsDate

Check If an Object Is of Type Date
HmsToSec

Convert h:m:s To/From Seconds
InDots

Is a Specific Argument in the Dots-Arguments?
IdentifyA

Identify Points in Plot Lying Within a Rectangle or Polygon
IsDichotomous

Test If a Variable Contains Only Two Unique Values
Gompertz

The Gompertz distribution
IQRw

The (weighted) Interquartile Range
FindColor

Get Color on a Defined Color Range
HodgesLehmann

Hodges-Lehmann Estimator of Location
GoodmanKruskalGamma

Goodman Kruskal's Gamma
KappaM

Kappa for m Raters
GetNewWrd

Create a New Word Instance
Gmean

Geometric Mean and Standard Deviation
JonckheereTerpstraTest

Exact Version of Jonckheere-Terpstra Test
ICC

Intraclass Correlations (ICC1, ICC2, ICC3 From Shrout and Fleiss)
GetCurrWrd

Get a Handle to a Running Word/Excel Instance
Some numeric checks

Check a Vector For Being Numeric, Zero Or a Whole Number
HotellingsT2Test

Hotelling's T2 Test
LillieTest

Lilliefors (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) Test for Normality
JarqueBeraTest

(Robust) Jarque Bera Test
LinScale

Linear Scaling
HexToRgb

Convert a Hexstring Color to a Matrix With Three Red/Green/Blue Rows
Extremes

Kth Smallest/Largest Values
Freq

Frequency Table for a Single Variable
Lc

Lorenz Curve
KendallTauB

Kendall's \(\tau_{b}\)
KendallTauA

Kendall's \(\tau_{a}\)
IsEuclid

Is a Distance Matrix Euclidean?
Hmean

Harmonic Mean and Its Confidence Interval
IsOdd

Checks If An Integer Is Even Or Odd
IsPrime

IsPrime Property
HuberM

Safe (generalized) Huber M-Estimator of Location
IsValidHwnd

Check Windows Pointer
Logit

Generalized Logit and Inverse Logit Function
LineToUser

Convert Line Coordinates To User Coordinates
LOF

Local Outlier Factor
KrippAlpha

Krippendorff's Alpha Reliability Coefficient
ImputeKnn

Fill in NA values with the values of the nearest neighbours
Lambda

Goodman Kruskal Lambda
LOCF

Last Observation Carried Forward
Measures of Accuracy

Measures of Accuracy
Label, Unit

Label, Unit Attribute of an Object
GetNewXL

Create a New Excel Instance
MHChisqTest

Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square Test
LogSt

Started Logarithmic Transformation and Its Inverse
Freq2D

Bivariate (Two-Dimensional) Frequency Distribution
Gini

Gini Coefficient
List Variety Of Objects

List Objects, Functions Or Data in a Package
Midx

Find the Midpoints of a Numeric Vector
MeanAD

Mean Absolute Deviation From a Center Point
HexToCol

Identify Closest Match to a Color Given by a Hexadecimal String
Herfindahl

Concentration Measures
MixColor

Compute the Convex Combination of Two Colors
KendallW

Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance W
NALevel

Replace NAs in a Factor by a Given Level
MultinomCI

Confidence Intervals for Multinomial Proportions
MeanCI

Confidence Intervals for the Mean
LehmacherTest

Lehmacher's Test for Marginal Homogenity
NemenyiTest

Nemenyi Test
LeveneTest

Levene's Test for Homogeneity of Variance
Nf

As Numeric Factor
PDFManual

Get PDF Manual of a Package From CRAN
Mar and Mgp

Set Plot Margins and Distances
MeanCIn

Sample Size for a Given Width of a Confidence Interval for a Mean
Keywords

List Keywords For R Manual Pages
MADCI

Confidence Intervals for Median Absolute Deviations
MAD

Median Absolute Deviation
MeanSE

Standard Error of Mean
PMT

Periodic Payment of an Annuity.
MoveAvg

Moving Average
Median

(Weighted) Median Value
MeanDiffCI

Confidence Interval For Difference of Means
Phrase

Phrasing Results of t-Test
ORToRelRisk

Transform Odds Ratio to Relative Risk
Mgsub

Multiple Gsub
MultMerge

Merge Multiple Data Frames
MedianCI

Confidence Interval for the Median
Mean

(Weighted) Arithmetic Mean
OddsRatio

Odds Ratio Estimation and Confidence Intervals
Mode

Mode, Most Frequent Value(s)
PlotArea

Create an Area Plot
PlotACF

Combined Plot of a Time Series and Its ACF and PACF
NZ

Non Zero Elements
MosesTest

Moses Test of Extreme Reactions
Order

Distributions of Order Statistics
NPV

Short Selection of Financial Mathematical Functions
DescTools Palettes

Some Custom Palettes
PlotFdist

Frequency Distribution Plot
PlotFaces

Chernoff Faces
PlotCashFlow

Cash Flow Plot
ParseFormula

Parse a Formula and Create a Model Frame
PlotBag

Bivariate Boxplot
Outlier

Outlier
PlotConDens

Plot Conditional Densities
ParseSASDatalines

Parse a SAS Dataline Command
PasswordDlg

Password Dialog
PearsonTest

Pearson Chi-Square Test for Normality
PlotDot

Cleveland's Dot Plots
PlotCirc

Plot Circular Plot
PlotECDF

Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function
PercTable

Percentage Table
PlotFun

Plot a Function
PlotCorr

Plot a Correlation Matrix
PageTest

Exact Page Test for Ordered Alternatives
PlotMosaic

Mosaic Plots
PlotLog

Logarithmic Plot
PlotMarDens

Scatterplot With Marginal Densities
PlotLinesA

Plot Lines
PlotViolin

Plot Violins Instead of Boxplots
PlotMiss

Plot Missing Data
PlotMultiDens

Plot Multiple Density Curves
PlotMonth

Cycle Plot for Seasonal Effects of an Univariate Time Series
PlotQQ

QQ-Plot for Any Distribution
PairApply

Pairwise Calculations
PoissonCI

Poisson Confidence Interval
PolarGrid

Plot a Grid in Polar Coordinates
RSessionAlive

How Long Has the RSession Been Running?
RSqCI

Confidence Intervals for the R squared of a Linear Model
PlotWeb

Plot a Web of Connected Points
PercentRank

Percent Ranks
Permn

Number and Samples for Permutations or Combinations of a Set
PlotProbDist

Plot Probability Distribution
PlotBubble

Draw a Bubble Plot
QuantileCI

Confidence Interval for Any Quantile
PlotPyramid

Draw a Back To Back Pyramid Plot
Range

(Robust) Range
PlotCandlestick

Plot Candlestick Chart
PlotTernary

Ternary or Triangular Plots
PseudoR2

Pseudo R2 Statistics
Primes

Find All Primes Less Than n
PlotPairs

Extended Scatterplot Matrices
Rename

Change Names of a Named Object
Rank

Fast Sample Ranks
reorder.factor

Reorder the Levels of a Factor
PlotPolar

Plot Values on a Circular Grid
PtInPoly

Point in Polygon
Quantile

(Weighted) Sample Quantiles
PlotTreemap

Create a Treemap
Rev

Reverse Elements of a Vector, a Matrix, a Table, an Array or a Data.frame
PlotVenn

Plot a Venn Diagram
Quot

Lagged Quotients
PostHocTest

Post-Hoc Tests
RomanToInt

Convert Roman Numerals to Integers
RobScale

Robust Scaling With Median and Mad
RgbToCmy

Conversion Between RGB and CMYK
ReadSPSS

Read SPSS Datafiles and Return It in Good Old Style Data Frame Structure
PowerPoint Interface

Add Slides, Insert Texts and Plots to PowerPoint
Recycle

Recyle a List of Elements
SaveAs

Saves an R Object Under a Different Name
SampleTwins

Sample Twins
Rotate

Rotate a Geometric Structure
RelRisk

Relative Risk
ColToOpaque

Equivalent Opaque Color for Transparent Color
Recode

Recode a Factor
Some

Return Some Randomly Chosen Elements of an Object
RevCode

Reverse Codes
SomersDelta

Somers' Delta
Sort

Sort a Vector, a Matrix, a Table or a Data.frame
SetNames

Set the Names in an Object
SetAlpha

Add an Alpha Channel To a Color
SortMixed

Sort Strings with Embedded Numbers Based on Their Numeric Order
Shade

Produce a Shaded Curve
RoundTo

Round to Multiple
SendOutlookMail

Send a Mail Using Outlook as Mail Client
Str

Compactly Display the Structure of any R Object
ScheffeTest

Scheffe Test for Pairwise and Otherwise Comparisons
RgbToCol

Find the Nearest Named R-Color to a Given RGB-Color
SplitToDummy

Split Strings of a Vector and Provide Dummy Codes for Found Pieces
RndPairs

Create Pairs of Correlated Random Numbers
SpreadOut

Spread Out a Vector of Numbers To a Minimum Interval
StrAbbr

String Abbreviation
StrPad

Pad a String With Justification
StrIsNumeric

Does a String Contain Only Numeric Data
StrAlign

String Alignment
StrCap

Capitalize the First Letter of a String
SplitPath

Split Path In Drive, Path, Filename
StrPos

Find Position of First Occurrence Of a String
SplitToCol

Split Data Frame String Column Into Multiple Columns
ShapiroFranciaTest

Shapiro-Francia Test for Normality
StrDist

Compute Distances Between Strings
StrExtract

Extract Part of a String
StrRev

Reverse a String
StrLeft, StrRight

Returns the Left Or the Right Part Of a String
Depreciation

Several Methods of Depreciation of an Asset
Strata

Stratified Sampling
StuartMaxwellTest

Stuart-Maxwell Marginal Homogeneity Test
SysInfo

System Information
Sample

Random Samples and Permutations
StripAttr

Remove Attributes from an Object
TheilU

Theil's U Index of Inequality
TitleRect

Plot Boxed Annotation
StuartTauC

Stuart \(\tau_{c}\)
Measures of Shape

Skewness and Kurtosis
StrTrim

Remove Leading/Trailing Whitespace From A String
StrSplit

Split the Elements of a Character Vector
SpearmanRho

Spearman Rank Correlation
SmoothSpline

Formula Interface For smooth.spline
SplitAt

Split a Vector Into Several Pieces at Given Positions
ToLong, ToWide

Reshape a Vector From Long to Wide Shape Or Vice Versa
StrSpell

Spell a String Using the NATO Phonetic or the Morse Alphabet
ToWrd

Send Objects to Word
TextContrastColor

Choose Textcolor Depending on Background Color
TextToTable

Converts String To a Table
TMod

Comparison Table For Linear Models
TTestA

Student's t-Test Based on Sample Statistics
TOne

Create Table One Describing Baseline Characteristics
pRevGumbel

"Reverse" Gumbel Distribution Functions
RevWeibull

The Reverse Weibull Distribution
RunsTest

Runs Test for Randomness
SiegelTukeyTest

Siegel-Tukey Test For Equality In Variability
SD

(Weighted) Standard Deviation
Stamp

Date/Time/Directory Stamp the Current Plot
SignTest

Sign Test
StrChop

Split a String into a Number of Sections of Defined Length
StdCoef

Standardized Model Coefficients
StrCountW

Count Words in a String
StrTrunc

Truncate Strings and Add Ellipses If a String is Truncated.
StrVal

Extract All Numeric Values From a String
Triangular

The Triangular Distribution
TukeyBiweight

Calculate Tukey's Biweight Robust Mean
Untable

Recover Original Data From Contingency Table
Unwhich

Inverse Which
Trim

Trim a Vector
ToWrdPlot

Send a Plot to Word and Bookmark it
ToWrdB

Send Objects to Word and Bookmark Them
UnirootAll

Finds many (all) roots of one equation within an interval
UncertCoef

Uncertainty Coefficient
Var

Variance
Winsorize

Winsorize (Replace Extreme Values by Less Extreme Ones)
VarTest

ChiSquare Test for One Variance and F Test to Compare Two Variances
WithOptions

Execute Function with Temporary Options
TwoGroups

Describe a Variable by a Factor with Two Levels
VecRot

Vector Rotation (Shift Elements)
WrdCaption

Insert Caption to Word
WrdMergeCells

Merges Cells Of a Defined Word Table Range
WrdCellRange

Return the Cell Range Of a Word Table
WrdPageBreak

Insert a Page Break
Vigenere

Vigenere Cypher
VonNeumannTest

Von Neumann's Successive Difference Test
XLView

Use MS-Excel as Viewer for a Data.Frame
WoolfTest

Woolf Test For Homogeneity in 2x2xk Tables
WrdSaveAs

Open and Save Word Documents
WrdBookmark

Some Functions to Handle MS-Word Bookmarks
YuenTTest

Yuen t-Test For Trimmed Means
VarCI

Confidence Intervals for the Variance
VIF

Variance Inflation Factors
WrdTableHeading

Insert Headings for a Table in Word
WrdParagraphFormat

Get or Set the Paragraph Format in Word
XLGetRange

Import Data Directly From Excel
WrdPlot

Insert Active Plot to Word
Zodiac

Calculate the Zodiac of a Date
XLSaveAs

Save Excel File
as.matrix.xtabs

Convert xtabs To matrix
identify.formula

Identify Points In a Plot Using a Formula
WrdTable

Insert a Table in a Word Document
as.ym

A Class for Dealing with the Yearmonth Format
axTicks.POSIXct

Compute Axis Tickmark Locations (For POSIXct Axis)
%c%

Concatenates Two Strings Without Any Separator
%like%

Like Operator
WrdTableBorders

Draw Borders to a Word Table
d.whisky

Classification of Scotch Single Malts
wdConst

Word VBA Constants
VanWaerdenTest

van der Waerden Test
day.name

Build-in Constants Extension
XLDateToPOSIXct

Convert Excel Dates to POSIXct
WrdFont

Get or Set the Font in Word
d.countries

ISO 3166-1 Country Codes
d.diamonds

Data diamonds
power.chisq.test

Power Calculations for ChiSquared Tests
lines.lm

Add a Linear Regression Line
WrdFormatCells

Format Cells Of a Word Table
WrdStyle

Get or Set the Style in Word
lines.loess

Add a Loess or a Spline Smoother
d.periodic

Periodic Table of Elements
d.pizza

Data pizza
ZeroIfNA

Replace NAs by 0
ZTest

Z Test for Known Population Standard Deviation
DescTools Aliases

Some Aliases Set for Convenience
matpow

Matrix Power
%nin%

Find Matching (or Non-Matching) Elements
%overlaps%

Determines If And How Extensively Two Date Ranges Overlap
rSum21

Random Numbers Adding Up to 1
split.formula

Formula Interface for Split
Abstract

Display Compact Abstract of a Data Frame
ABCCoords

Coordinates for "bottomright", etc.
AddMonths

Add a Month to a Date
AllDuplicated

Index Vector of All Values Involved in Ties
AndersonDarlingTest

Anderson-Darling Test of Goodness-of-Fit
Agree

Raw Simple And Extended Percentage Agreement
Append

Append Elements to Objects
AUC

Area Under the Curve
Abind

Combine Multidimensional Arrays
AllIdentical

Test Multiple Objects for Exact Equality