This function evaluates whether the saturated G-DINA model can be replaced by reduced CDMs without significant loss in model data fit for each item using the Wald test, likelihood ratio (LR) test or Lagrange multiplier (LM) test. For Wald test, see de la Torre (2011), de la Torre and Lee (2013), Ma, Iaconangelo and de la Torre (2016) and Ma & de la Torre (2018) for details. For LR test and a two-step LR approximation procedure, see Sorrel, de la Torre, Abad, and Olea (2017), Ma (2017) and Ma & de la Torre (2019). For LM test, which is only applicable for DINA, DINO and ACDM, see Sorrel, Abad, Olea, de la Torre, and Barrada (2017). This function also calculates the dissimilarity between the reduced models and the G-DINA model, which can be viewed as a measure of effect size (Ma, Iaconangelo & de la Torre, 2016).
modelcomp(
GDINA.obj = NULL,
method = "Wald",
items = "all",
p.adjust.methods = "holm",
models = c("DINA", "DINO", "ACDM", "LLM", "RRUM"),
decision.args = list(rule = "largestp", alpha.level = 0.05, adjusted = FALSE),
DS = FALSE,
Wald.args = list(SE.type = 2, varcov = NULL),
LR.args = list(LR.approx = FALSE),
LM.args = list(reducedMDINA = NULL, reducedMDINO = NULL, reducedMACDM = NULL, SE.type =
2)
)# S3 method for modelcomp
extract(
object,
what = c("stats", "pvalues", "adj.pvalues", "df", "DS", "selected.model"),
digits = 4,
...
)
# S3 method for modelcomp
summary(object, ...)
an object of class modelcomp. Elements that can be
extracted using extract method include
Wald or LR statistics
p-values associated with the test statistics
adjusted p-values
degrees of freedom
dissimilarity between G-DINA and other CDMs
An estimated model object of class GDINA
method for item level model comparison; can be wald, LR or LM.
a vector of items to specify the items for model comparsion
adjusted p-values for multiple hypothesis tests. This is conducted using p.adjust function in stats,
and therefore all adjustment methods supported by p.adjust can be used, including "holm",
"hochberg", "hommel", "bonferroni", "BH" and "BY". See p.adjust
for more details. "holm" is the default, indicating the Holm method.
a vector specifying which reduced CDMs are possible reduced CDMs for each item. The default is "DINA","DINO","ACDM","LLM",and "RRUM".
a list of options for determining the most appropriate models including (1) rule can be
either "simpler" or "largestp". See details;
(2) alpha.level for the nominal level of decision; and (3) adjusted can be either TRUE or FALSE
indicating whether the decision is based on p value (adjusted = FALSE) or adjusted p values.
whether dissimilarity index should be calculated? FALSE is the default.
a list of options for Wald test including (1) SE.type giving the type of
covariance matrix for the Wald test; by default, it uses outer product of gradient based on incomplete information matrix;
(2) varcov for user specified variance-covariance matrix. If supplied, it must
be a list, giving the variance covariance matrix of success probability for each item or category.
The default is NULL, in which case, the estimated variance-covariance matrix from the GDINA function
is used.
a list of options for LR test including for now only LR.approx, which is either TRUE or FALSE,
indicating whether a two-step LR approximation is implemented or not.
a list of options for LM test including reducedMDINA, reducedMDINO, and reducedMACDM for
DINA, DINO and ACDM estimates from the GDINA function; SE.type specifies the type of covariance matrix.
object of class modelcomp for various S3 methods
argument for S3 method extract indicating what to extract;
It can be "wald" for wald statistics, "wald.p" for associated p-values,
"df" for degrees of freedom,
and "DS" for dissimilarity between G-DINA and other CDMs.
How many decimal places in each number? The default is 4.
additional arguments
extract(modelcomp): extract various elements from modelcomp objects
summary(modelcomp): print summary information
Wenchao Ma, The University of Alabama, wenchao.ma@ua.edu
Miguel A. Sorrel, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
Jimmy de la Torre, The University of Hong Kong
After the test statistics for each reduced CDM were calculated for each item, the
reduced models with p values less than the pre-specified alpha level were rejected.
If all reduced models were rejected for an item, the G-DINA model was used as the best model;
if at least one reduced model was retained, two diferent rules can be implemented for selecting
the best model specified in argument decision.args:
(1) when rule="simpler",
If (a) the DINA or DINO model was one of the retained models, then the DINA or DINO model with the larger p value was selected as the best model; but if (b) both DINA and DINO were rejected, the reduced model with the largest p value was selected as the best model for this item. Note that when the p-values of several reduced models were greater than 0.05, the DINA and DINO models were preferred over the A-CDM, LLM, and R-RUM because of their simplicity.
(2) When rule="largestp" (default),
The reduced model with the largest p-values is selected as the most appropriate model.
de la Torre, J., & Lee, Y. S. (2013). Evaluating the wald test for item-level comparison of saturated and reduced models in cognitive diagnosis. Journal of Educational Measurement, 50, 355-373.
Ma, W., Iaconangelo, C., & de la Torre, J. (2016). Model similarity, model selection and attribute classification. Applied Psychological Measurement, 40, 200-217.
Ma, W. (2017). A Sequential Cognitive Diagnosis Model for Graded Response: Model Development, Q-Matrix Validation,and Model Comparison. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University.
Ma, W., & de la Torre, J. (2019). Category-Level Model Selection for the Sequential G-DINA Model. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. 44, 61-82.
Ma, W., & de la Torre, J. (2020). GDINA: An R Package for Cognitive Diagnosis Modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 93(14), 1-26.
Sorrel, M. A., Abad, F. J., Olea, J., de la Torre, J., & Barrada, J. R. (2017). Inferential Item-Fit Evaluation in Cognitive Diagnosis Modeling. Applied Psychological Measurement, 41, 614-631.
Sorrel, M. A., de la Torre, J., Abad, F. J., & Olea, J. (2017). Two-Step Likelihood Ratio Test for Item-Level Model Comparison in Cognitive Diagnosis Models. Methodology, 13, 39-47.
GDINA, autoGDINA
if (FALSE) {
dat <- sim10GDINA$simdat
Q <- sim10GDINA$simQ
# --- GDINA model ---#
fit <- GDINA(dat = dat, Q = Q, model = "GDINA")
fit
###################
#
# Wald test
#
###################
w <- modelcomp(fit)
w
# wald statistics
extract(w,"stats")
#p values
extract(w,"pvalues")
# selected models
extract(w,"selected.model")
##########################
#
# LR and Two-step LR test
#
##########################
lr <- modelcomp(fit,method = "LR")
lr
TwostepLR <- modelcomp(fit,items =c(6:10),method = "LR",LR.args = list(LR.approx = TRUE))
TwostepLR
##########################
#
# LM test
#
##########################
dina <- GDINA(dat = dat, Q = Q, model = "DINA")
dino <- GDINA(dat = dat, Q = Q, model = "DINO")
acdm <- GDINA(dat = dat, Q = Q, model = "ACDM")
lm <- modelcomp(method = "LM",LM.args=list(reducedMDINA = dina,
reducedMDINO = dino, reducedMACDM = acdm))
lm
}
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