Hmisc (version 4.5-0)

hdquantile: Harrell-Davis Distribution-Free Quantile Estimator

Description

Computes the Harrell-Davis (1982) quantile estimator and jacknife standard errors of quantiles. The quantile estimator is a weighted linear combination or order statistics in which the order statistics used in traditional nonparametric quantile estimators are given the greatest weight. In small samples the H-D estimator is more efficient than traditional ones, and the two methods are asymptotically equivalent. The H-D estimator is the limit of a bootstrap average as the number of bootstrap resamples becomes infinitely large.

Usage

hdquantile(x, probs = seq(0, 1, 0.25),
           se = FALSE, na.rm = FALSE, names = TRUE, weights=FALSE)

Arguments

x

a numeric vector

probs

vector of quantiles to compute

se

set to TRUE to also compute standard errors

na.rm

set to TRUE to remove NAs from x before computing quantiles

names

set to FALSE to prevent names attributions from being added to quantiles and standard errors

weights

set to TRUE to return a "weights" attribution with the matrix of weights used in the H-D estimator corresponding to order statistics, with columns corresponding to quantiles.

Value

A vector of quantiles. If se=TRUE this vector will have an attribute se added to it, containing the standard errors. If weights=TRUE, also has a "weights" attribute which is a matrix.

Details

A Fortran routine is used to compute the jackknife leave-out-one quantile estimates. Standard errors are not computed for quantiles 0 or 1 (NAs are returned).

References

Harrell FE, Davis CE (1982): A new distribution-free quantile estimator. Biometrika 69:635-640.

Hutson AD, Ernst MD (2000): The exact bootstrap mean and variance of an L-estimator. J Roy Statist Soc B 62:89-94.

See Also

quantile

Examples

# NOT RUN {
set.seed(1)
x <- runif(100)
hdquantile(x, (1:3)/4, se=TRUE)

# }
# NOT RUN {
# Compare jackknife standard errors with those from the bootstrap
library(boot)
boot(x, function(x,i) hdquantile(x[i], probs=(1:3)/4), R=400)
# }