This dataset represents the causal relationships amongst the ten variables defined by Dambacher's 2002 article in figure 6, page 1381.
data(cm.dambacher)
A 10 by 10 (-1, 0, 1) matrix with each element having at least one parent and at least one child. The matrix is interpreted as the jth variable has the direct causal effect a[i,j] on variable i.
Dambacher, J. M. and Li, H. W. and Rossignol, P. A. (2002) Relevance of community structure in assessing indeterminacy of ecological predictions. Ecology, 83(5),1372--1385. <tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.2307/3071950")>.
Puccia, C. J. and Levins, R. (1986) Qualitative Modeling of Complex Systems: An Introduction to Loop Analysis and Time Averaging. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. <tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.4159/harvard.9780674435070")>.