MASS (version 7.3-56)

muscle: Effect of Calcium Chloride on Muscle Contraction in Rat Hearts

Description

The purpose of this experiment was to assess the influence of calcium in solution on the contraction of heart muscle in rats. The left auricle of 21 rat hearts was isolated and on several occasions a constant-length strip of tissue was electrically stimulated and dipped into various concentrations of calcium chloride solution, after which the shortening of the strip was accurately measured as the response.

Usage

muscle

Format

This data frame contains the following columns:

Strip

which heart muscle strip was used?

Conc

concentration of calcium chloride solution, in multiples of 2.2 mM.

Length

the change in length (shortening) of the strip, (allegedly) in mm.

References

Venables, W. N. and Ripley, B. D. (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S. Fourth Edition. Springer.

Examples

# NOT RUN {
## IGNORE_RDIFF_BEGIN
A <- model.matrix(~ Strip - 1, data=muscle)
rats.nls1 <- nls(log(Length) ~ cbind(A, rho^Conc),
   data = muscle, start = c(rho=0.1), algorithm="plinear")
(B <- coef(rats.nls1))

st <- list(alpha = B[2:22], beta = B[23], rho = B[1])
(rats.nls2 <- nls(log(Length) ~ alpha[Strip] + beta*rho^Conc,
                  data = muscle, start = st))
## IGNORE_RDIFF_END

Muscle <- with(muscle, {
Muscle <- expand.grid(Conc = sort(unique(Conc)), Strip = levels(Strip))
Muscle$Yhat <- predict(rats.nls2, Muscle)
Muscle <- cbind(Muscle, logLength = rep(as.numeric(NA), 126))
ind <- match(paste(Strip, Conc),
            paste(Muscle$Strip, Muscle$Conc))
Muscle$logLength[ind] <- log(Length)
Muscle})

lattice::xyplot(Yhat ~ Conc | Strip, Muscle, as.table = TRUE,
   ylim = range(c(Muscle$Yhat, Muscle$logLength), na.rm = TRUE),
   subscripts = TRUE, xlab = "Calcium Chloride concentration (mM)",
   ylab = "log(Length in mm)", panel =
   function(x, y, subscripts, ...) {
      panel.xyplot(x, Muscle$logLength[subscripts], ...)
      llines(spline(x, y))
   })
# }