Matrix (version 1.7-1)

bdiag: Construct a Block Diagonal Matrix

Description

Build a block diagonal matrix given several building block matrices.

Usage

bdiag(...)
.bdiag(lst)

Value

A sparse matrix obtained by combining the arguments into a block diagonal matrix.

The value of bdiag() inherits from class

CsparseMatrix, whereas

.bdiag() returns a TsparseMatrix.

Arguments

...

individual matrices or a list of matrices.

lst

non-empty list of matrices.

Author

Martin Maechler, built on a version posted by Berton Gunter to R-help; earlier versions have been posted by other authors, notably Scott Chasalow to S-news. Doug Bates's faster implementation builds on TsparseMatrix objects.

Details

For non-trivial argument list, bdiag() calls .bdiag(). The latter maybe useful to programmers.

See Also

Diagonal for constructing matrices of class diagonalMatrix, or kronecker which also works for "Matrix" inheriting matrices.

bandSparse constructs a banded sparse matrix from its non-zero sub-/super - diagonals.

Note that other CRAN R packages have own versions of bdiag() which return traditional matrices.

Examples

 
library(stats, pos = "package:base", verbose = FALSE)

bdiag(matrix(1:4, 2), diag(3))
## combine "Matrix" class and traditional matrices:
bdiag(Diagonal(2), matrix(1:3, 3,4), diag(3:2))

mlist <- list(1, 2:3, diag(x=5:3), 27, cbind(1,3:6), 100:101)
bdiag(mlist)
stopifnot(identical(bdiag(mlist), 
                    bdiag(lapply(mlist, as.matrix))))

ml <- c(as(matrix((1:24)%% 11 == 0, 6,4),"nMatrix"),
        rep(list(Diagonal(2, x=TRUE)), 3))
mln <- c(ml, Diagonal(x = 1:3))
stopifnot(is(bdiag(ml), "lsparseMatrix"),
          is(bdiag(mln),"dsparseMatrix") )

## random (diagonal-)block-triangular matrices:
rblockTri <- function(nb, max.ni, lambda = 3) {
   .bdiag(replicate(nb, {
         n <- sample.int(max.ni, 1)
         tril(Matrix(rpois(n * n, lambda = lambda), n, n)) }))
}

(T4 <- rblockTri(4, 10, lambda = 1))
image(T1 <- rblockTri(12, 20))


##' Fast version of Matrix :: .bdiag() -- for the case of *many*  (k x k) matrices:
##' @param lmat list(, , ....., )  where each mat_j is a  k x k 'matrix'
##' @return a sparse (N*k x N*k) matrix of class  \code{"\linkS4class{dgCMatrix}"}.
bdiag_m <- function(lmat) {
    ## Copyright (C) 2016 Martin Maechler, ETH Zurich
    if(!length(lmat)) return(new("dgCMatrix"))
    stopifnot(is.list(lmat), is.matrix(lmat[[1]]),
              (k <- (d <- dim(lmat[[1]]))[1]) == d[2], # k x k
              all(vapply(lmat, dim, integer(2)) == k)) # all of them
    N <- length(lmat)
    if(N * k > .Machine$integer.max)
        stop("resulting matrix too large; would be  M x M, with M=", N*k)
    M <- as.integer(N * k)
    ## result: an   M x M  matrix
    new("dgCMatrix", Dim = c(M,M),
        ## 'i :' maybe there's a faster way (w/o matrix indexing), but elegant?
        i = as.vector(matrix(0L:(M-1L), nrow=k)[, rep(seq_len(N), each=k)]),
        p = k * 0L:M,
        x = as.double(unlist(lmat, recursive=FALSE, use.names=FALSE)))
}

l12 <- replicate(12, matrix(rpois(16, lambda = 6.4), 4, 4),
                 simplify=FALSE)
dim(T12 <- bdiag_m(l12))# 48 x 48
T12[1:20, 1:20]