xPx: A function to compute Bell's isolation index (xPx)
Description
The isolation index, xPx, is an exposure index
that measures the probability that two members of a group share
the same spatial unit. This index can be calculated using the
approximate or the exact method (see Bell, 1954).
Usage
xPx(x, exact = FALSE)
Value
a numeric vector containing the isolation index value for
each group
Arguments
x
- an object of class matrix (or which can be coerced to that class),
where each column represents the distribution of a group within
spatial units. The number of columns should be greater than 1 (at least 2
groups are required). You should not include a column with total
population, because this will be interpreted as a group.
exact
- a logical variable to specifiy the index version:
exact = FALSE (by default) for the approximate version of the index,
and exact = TRUE for the exact version
References
Bell W. (1954) A probability model for the
measurement of ecological segregation. Social Forces 32(4),
pp. 357-364