RandomFields (version 3.1.16)

RMtrend: Trend Model

Description

RMtrend is a pure trend model with covariance 0.

Usage

RMtrend(mean)

Arguments

mean

numeric or RMmodel. If it is numerical, it should be a vector of length $p$, where $p$ is the number of variables taken into account by the corresponding multivariate random field $(Z_1(.),\ldots,Z_p(.))$; the $i$-th component of mean is interpreted as constant mean of $Z_i(.)$.

Value

RMtrend returns an object of class RMmodel.

Details

Note that this function refers to trend surfaces in the geostatistical framework. Fixed effects in the mixed models framework are also being implemented, see RFformula.

References

Chiles, J. P., Delfiner, P. (1999) Geostatistics: Modelling Spatial Uncertainty. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

See Also

RMmodel, RFformula, RFsimulate, RMplus

Examples

RFoptions(seed=0) ## *ANY* simulation will have the random seed 0; set
##                   RFoptions(seed=NA) to make them all random again

## first simulate some data with a sine and a mean as trend
repet <- 100
 
x <- seq(0, pi, len=10)
trend <- 2 * sin(R.p(new="isotropic")) + 3
model <- RMexp(var=2, scale=1) + trend
data <- RFsimulate(model, x=x, n=repet)

## now, let us estimate variance, scale, and two parameters of the trend
model2 <- RMexp(var=NA, scale=NA) + NA * sin(R.p(new="isotropic")) + NA

print(RFfit(model2, data=data))

## model2 can be made explicite by enclosing the trend parts by
## 'RMtrend'
model3 <- RMexp(var=NA, scale=NA) + NA *
          RMtrend(sin(R.p(new="isotropic"))) + RMtrend(NA)
print(RFfit(model2, data=data))


## IMPORTANT:  substraction is not a way to combine definite models
##             with trends
trend <- -1
(model0 <- RMexp(var=0.4) + trend) ## exponential covariance with mean -1
(model1 <- RMexp(var=0.4) + -1)    ## same as model0
(model2 <- RMexp(var=0.4) + RMtrend(-1)) ## same as model0
(model3 <- RMexp(var=0.4) - 1) ## this is a purely deterministic model
                               ## with exponential trend
plot(RFsimulate(model=model0, x=x, y=x)) ## exponential covariance
                               ##           and mean -1
plot(RFsimulate(model=model1, x=x, y=x)) ## dito
plot(RFsimulate(model=model2, x=x, y=x)) ## dito
plot(RFsimulate(model=model3, x=x, y=x)) ## purely deterministic model!