stats: Calculate summary statistics

Description

Various summary statistics are calculated for different types of data.

Usage

stats(x, by)

Arguments

The data structure to compute the statistics. This can either be a vector, matrix (data sets are the columns), or a list (data sets are the components).

If x is a vector, an optional vector (either character or numerical) specifying the categories to divide x into separate data sets.

Value

A matrix where rows index the summary statistics and the columns index the separate data sets.

Details

Stats breaks x up into separate data sets and then calls describe to calculate the statistics. Statistics are found by columns for matrices, by components for a list and by the relevent groups when a numeric vector and a by vector are given. The default set of statistics are the number of (nonmissing) observations, mean, standard deviation, minimum, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, maximum, and number of missing observations. If any data set is nonnumeric, missing values are returned for the statistics. The by argument is a useful way to calculate statistics on parts of a data set according to different cases.

Examples

Run this code

# NOT RUN {
#Statistics for 8 normal random samples: 
zork<- matrix( rnorm(200), ncol=8) 
stats(zork) 

zork<- rnorm( 200)
id<- sample( 1:8, 200, replace=TRUE)
stats( zork, by=id)
# }