adagio (version 0.9.2)

maxsub: Maximal Sum Subarray

Description

Find a subarray with maximal positive sum.

Usage

maxsub(x, inds = TRUE)
maxsub2d(A)

Value

Either just a maximal sum, or a list this sum as component sum plus the start and end indices as a vector inds.

Arguments

x

numeric vector.

A

numeric matrix

inds

logical; shall the indices be returned?

Author

HwB <[e-mail]>

Details

maxsub finds a contiguous subarray whose sum is maximally positive. This is sometimes called Kadane's algorithm. maxsub will use a very fast version with a running time of O(n) where n is the length of the input vector x.

maxsub2d finds a (contiguous) submatrix whose sum of elements is maximally positive. The approach taken here is to apply the one-dimensional routine to summed arrays between all rows of A. This has a run-time of O(n^3), though a run-time of O(n^2 log n) seems possible see the reference below. maxsub2d can solve a 100-by-100 matrix in a few seconds -- but beware of bigger ones.

References

Bentley, Jon (1986). ``Programming Pearls'', Column 7. Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Reading, MA.

T. Takaoka (2002). Efficient Algorithms for the Maximum Subarray Problem by Distance Matrix Multiplication. The Australasian Theory Symposion, CATS 2002.

Examples

##  Find a maximal sum subvector
set.seed(8237)
x <- rnorm(1e6)
system.time(res <- maxsub(x, inds = TRUE))
res

##  Standard example: Find a maximal sum submatrix
A <- matrix(c(0,-2,-7,0, 9,2,-6,2, -4,1,-4,1, -1,8,0,2),
            nrow = 4, ncol = 4, byrow =TRUE)
maxsub2d(A)
# $sum:  15
# $inds: 2 4 1 2 , i.e., rows = 2..4, columns = 1..2

if (FALSE) {
##  Application to points in the unit square:
set.seed(723)
N <- 50; w <- rnorm(N)
x <- runif(N); y <- runif(N)
clr <- ifelse (w >= 0, "blue", "red")
plot(x, y, pch = 20, col = clr, xlim = c(0, 1), ylim = c(0, 1))

xs <- unique(sort(x)); ns <- length(xs)
X  <- c(0, ((xs[1:(ns-1)] + xs[2:ns])/2), 1)
ys <- unique(sort(y)); ms <- length(ys)
Y  <- c(0, ((ys[1:(ns-1)] + ys[2:ns])/2), 1)
abline(v = X, col = "gray")
abline(h = Y, col = "gray")

A <- matrix(0, N, N)
xi <- findInterval(x, X); yi <- findInterval(y, Y)
for (i in 1:N) A[yi[i], xi[i]] <- w[i]

msr <- maxsub2d(A)
rect(X[msr$inds[3]], Y[msr$inds[1]], X[msr$inds[4]+1], Y[msr$inds[2]+1])
}