adehabitat (version 1.8.20)

kselect: K-Select Analysis: a Method to Analyse the Habitat Selection by Animals

Description

Performs a multivariate analysis of ecological data (K-select analysis).

Usage

kselect(dudi, factor, weight, scannf = TRUE, nf = 2, ewa = FALSE)
# S3 method for kselect
print(x, …)
# S3 method for kselect
kplot(object, xax = 1, yax = 2, csub = 2, possub = c("topleft",
              "bottomleft", "bottomright", "topright"),
              addval = TRUE, cpoint = 1, csize = 1, clegend = 2, …)
# S3 method for kselect
hist(x, xax = 1, mar=c(0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1),
             ncell=TRUE, csub=2,
             possub=c("bottomleft", "topleft",
                      "bottomright", "topright"),
             ncla=15, ...)
# S3 method for kselect
plot(x, xax = 1, yax = 2, …)

Arguments

dudi

an object of class dudi

factor

a factor with the same length as nrow(dudi$tab)

weight

a numeric vector of integer values giving the weight associated to the rows of dudi$tab

scannf

logical. Whether the eigenvalues bar plot should be displayed

nf

if scannf = FALSE, an integer indicating the number of kept axes

ewa

logical. If TRUE, uniform weights are given to all animals in the analysis. If FALSE, animal weights are given by the proportion of relocations of each animal (i.e. an animal with 10 relocations has a weight 10 times lower than an animal with 100 relocations)

x, object

an object of class kselect

xax

the column number for the x-axis

yax

the column number for the y-axis

addval

logical. If TRUE, the frequency of the relocations per animal is displayed (see examples)

cpoint

the size of the points (if 0, the points where no relocations are found are not displayed)

mar

the margin parameter (see help(par))

ncell

logical. If TRUE, the histogram shows the distribution of the cells of the raster map where at least one relocation is found. If FALSE, the histogram shows the distribution of the relocations

csub

the character size for the legend, used with par("cex")*csub

csize

the size coefficient for the points

clegend

the character size for the legend used by par("cex")*clegend

possub

a character string indicating the sub-title position ("topleft", "topright", "bottomleft", "bottomright")

ncla

the number of classes of the histograms

…

additional arguments to be passed to the generic function histniche, print or, in the case of plot.kselect, s.distri

Value

kselect returns a list of the class kselect and dudi (see dudi).

Details

The K-select analysis is intended for hindcasting studies of habitat selection by animals using radio-tracking data. Each habitat variable defines one dimension in the ecological space. For each animal, the difference between the vector of average available habitat conditions and the vector of average used conditions defines the marginality vector. Its size is proportional to the importance of habitat selection, and its direction indicates which variables are selected. By performing a non-centered principal component analysis of the table containing the coordinates of the marginality vectors of each animal (row) on the habitat variables (column), the K-select analysis returns a linear combination of habitat variables for which the average marginality is greatest. It is a synthesis of variables which contributes the most to the habitat selection. As with principal component analysis, the biological significance of the factorial axes is deduced from the loading of variables.

plot.kselect returns a summary of the analysis: it displays (i) a graph of the correlations between the principal axes of the PCA of the objects of class dudi passed as argument and the factorial axes of the K-select analysis; (ii) a graph giving the scores of the habitat variables on the factorial axes of the K-select analysis; (iii) the barplot of the eigenvalues of the analysis (each eigenvalue measure the mean marginality explained by the axis; (iv) the projection of the non-recentred marginality vectors on the factorial plane (the origin of the arrow indicates the average available habitat conditions, and the end of the arrow indicates the average used conditions); (v) the projection of the resource units available to each animal on the first factorial plane and (vi) the coordinates of the recentred marginality vectors (i.e. recentred so that they have a common origin) on the first factorial plane.

kplot.kselect returns one graph per animal showing the projections of the available resource units on the factorial plane, as well as their use by the animal. hist.kselect does the same thing, but on one dimension instead of two.

References

Calenge, C., Dufour, A.B. and Maillard, D. (2005) K-select analysis: a new method to analyse habitat selection in radio-tracking studies. Ecological modelling, 186, 143--153.

See Also

sahrlocs2kselect for conversion of objects class sahrlocs to objects suitable for a K-select analysis, s.distri, and dudi for class dudi.

Examples

# NOT RUN {
# }
# NOT RUN {
## Loads the data
data(puechabon)
sahr <- puechabon$sahr

## prepares the data for the kselect analysis
x <- sahrlocs2kselect(sahr)
tab <- x$tab

## Example of analysis with two variables: the slope and the elevation.
## Have a look at the use and availability of the two variables
## for the 4 animals
tab <- tab[,((names(tab) == "Slope")|(names(tab) == "Elevation"))]
tab <- scale(tab)
tmp <- split.data.frame(tab, x$factor)
wg <- split(x$weight, x$factor)
opar <- par(mfrow = n2mfrow(nlevels(x$factor)))
for (i in names(tmp))
  s.distri(scale(tmp[[i]]), wg[[i]])
par(opar)

## We call a new graphic window
x11()
## A K-select analysis
acp <- dudi.pca(tab, scannf = FALSE, nf = 2)
kn <- kselect(acp, x$factor, x$weight,
 scannf = FALSE, nf = 2)

# use of the generic function scatter
scatter(kn)

# Displays the first factorial plane
kplot(kn)
kplot(kn, cellipse = 0, cpoint = 0)
kplot(kn, addval = FALSE, cstar = 0)

# this factorial plane can be compared with
# the other graph to see the rotation proposed by
# the analysis
graphics.off()

# Displays the first factorial axis
hist(kn)

# Displays the second factorial axis
hist(kn, xax = 2)

# Summary of the analysis
plot(kn)
# }