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base (version 3.3)

MathFun: Miscellaneous Mathematical Functions

Description

abs(x) computes the absolute value of x, sqrt(x) computes the (principal) square root of x, $\sqrt{x}$.

The naming follows the standard for computer languages such as C or Fortran.

Usage

abs(x) sqrt(x)

Arguments

x
a numeric or complex vector or array.

S4 methods

Both are S4 generic and members of the Math group generic.

Details

These are internal generic primitive functions: methods can be defined for them individually or via the Math group generic. For complex arguments (and the default method), z, abs(z) == Mod(z) and sqrt(z) == z^0.5.

abs(x) returns an integer vector when x is integer or logical.

References

Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

See Also

Arithmetic for simple, log for logarithmic, sin for trigonometric, and Special for special mathematical functions.

plotmath’ for the use of sqrt in plot annotation.

Examples

Run this code
require(stats) # for spline
require(graphics)
xx <- -9:9
plot(xx, sqrt(abs(xx)),  col = "red")
lines(spline(xx, sqrt(abs(xx)), n=101), col = "pink")

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