Enables a conversion between Probability of Direction (pd) and p-value.
pd_to_p(pd, ...)# S3 method for numeric
pd_to_p(pd, direction = "two-sided", verbose = TRUE, ...)
p_to_pd(p, direction = "two-sided", ...)
convert_p_to_pd(p, direction = "two-sided", ...)
convert_pd_to_p(pd, ...)
A p-value or a data frame with a p-value column.
A Probability of Direction (pd) value (between 0 and 1). Can also
be a data frame with a column named pd, p_direction, or PD, as returned
by p_direction(). In this case, the column is converted to p-values and
the new data frame is returned.
Arguments passed to or from other methods.
What type of p-value is requested or provided. Can be
"two-sided" (default, two tailed) or "one-sided" (one tailed).
Toggle off warnings.
A p-value.
Conversion is done using the following equation (see Makowski et al., 2019):
When direction = "two-sided"
p = 2 * (1 - pd)
When direction = "one-sided"
p = 1 - pd
Note that this conversion is only valid when the lowest possible values of pd
is 0.5 - i.e., when the posterior represents continuous parameter space (see
p_direction()). If any pd < 0.5 are detected, they are converted to a p
of 1, and a warning is given.
Makowski, D., Ben-Shachar, M. S., Chen, S. H. A., and Lüdecke, D. (2019). Indices of Effect Existence and Significance in the Bayesian Framework. Frontiers in Psychology 2019;10:2767. tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02767")
pd_to_p(pd = 0.95)
pd_to_p(pd = 0.95, direction = "one-sided")
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