caret (version 5.17-7)

predict.train: Extract predictions and class probabilities from train objects

Description

These functions can be used for a single train object or to loop through a number of train objects to calculate the training and test data predictions and class probabilities.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'list':
predict(object, ...)
## S3 method for class 'train':
predict(object, newdata = NULL, type = "raw", na.action = na.omit, ...)
extractPrediction(models,
                  testX = NULL, testY = NULL,
                  unkX = NULL, 
                  unkOnly = !is.null(unkX) & is.null(testX),
                  verbose = FALSE)
extractProb(models,
            testX = NULL,  testY = NULL,
            unkX = NULL, 
            unkOnly = !is.null(unkX) & is.null(testX),
            verbose = FALSE)

Arguments

object

For predict.train, an object of class train. For predict.list, a list of objects of class train.

newdata

an optional set of data to predict on. If NULL, then the original training data are used

type

either "raw" or "prob", for the number/class predictions or class probabilities, respectively. Class probabilities are not available for all classification models

models

a list of objects of the class train. The objects must have been generated with fitBest = FALSE and returnData = TRUE.

na.action

the method for handling missing data

testX

an optional set of data to predict

testY

an optional outcome corresponding to the data given in testX

unkX

another optional set of data to predict without known outcomes

unkOnly

a logical to bypass training and test set predictions. This is useful if speed is needed for unknown samples.

verbose

a logical for printing messages

...

additional arguments to be passed to other methods

Value

• For predict.train, a vector of predictions if type = "raw" or a data frame of class probabilities for type = "probs". In the latter case, there are columns for each class.

  For predict.list, a list results. Each element is produced by predict.train.

  For extractPrediction, a data frame with columns:

• obs
  the observed training and test data
• pred
  predicted values
• model
  the type of model used to predict
• object
  the names of the objects within models. If models is an un-named list, the values of object will be "Object1", "Object2" and so on
• dataType
  "Training", "Test" or "Unknown" depending on what was specified
• For extractProb, a data frame. There is a column for each class containing the probabilities. The remaining columns are the same as above (although the pred column is the predicted class)

Details

These functions are wrappers for the specific prediction functions in each modeling package. In each case, the optimal tuning values given in the tuneValue slot of the finalModel object are used to predict.

To get simple predictions for a new data set, the predict function can be used. Limits can be imposed on the range of predictions. See trainControl for more information.

To get predictions for a series of models at once, a list of train objects can be passes to the predict function and a list of model predictions will be returned.

The two extraction functions can be used to get the predictions and observed outcomes at once for the training, test and/or unknown samples at once in a single data frame (instead of a list of just the predictions). These objects can then be passes to plotObsVsPred or plotClassProbs.

References

Kuhn (2008), ``Building Predictive Models in R Using the caret'' (http://www.jstatsoft.org/v28/i05/)

See Also

plotObsVsPred, plotClassProbs, trainControl

Examples

knnFit <- train(Species ~ ., data = iris, method = "knn", 
                trControl = trainControl(method = "cv"))

rdaFit <- train(Species ~ ., data = iris, method = "rda", 
                trControl = trainControl(method = "cv"))

predict(knnFit)
predict(knnFit, type = "prob")

bothModels <- list(knn = knnFit,
                   tree = rdaFit)

predict(bothModels)

extractPrediction(bothModels, testX = iris[1:10, -5])
extractProb(bothModels, testX = iris[1:10, -5])