caret (version 6.0-93)

avNNet: Neural Networks Using Model Averaging

Description

Aggregate several neural network models

Usage

avNNet(x, ...)
# S3 method for formula
avNNet(
  formula,
  data,
  weights,
  ...,
  repeats = 5,
  bag = FALSE,
  allowParallel = TRUE,
  seeds = sample.int(1e+05, repeats),
  subset,
  na.action,
  contrasts = NULL
)
# S3 method for default
avNNet(
  x,
  y,
  repeats = 5,
  bag = FALSE,
  allowParallel = TRUE,
  seeds = sample.int(1e+05, repeats),
  ...
)
# S3 method for avNNet
print(x, ...)
# S3 method for avNNet
predict(object, newdata, type = c("raw", "class", "prob"), ...)

Value

For avNNet, an object of "avNNet" or "avNNet.formula". Items of interest in #' the output are:

model

a list of the models generated from nnet

repeats

an echo of the model input

names

if any predictors had only one distinct value, this is a character string of the #' remaining columns. Otherwise a value of NULL

Arguments

x

matrix or data frame of x values for examples.

...

arguments passed to nnet

formula

A formula of the form class ~ x1 + x2 + ...

data

Data frame from which variables specified in formula are preferentially to be taken.

weights

(case) weights for each example - if missing defaults to 1.

repeats

the number of neural networks with different random number seeds

bag

a logical for bagging for each repeat

allowParallel

if a parallel backend is loaded and available, should the function use it?

seeds

random number seeds that can be set prior to bagging (if done) and network creation. This helps maintain reproducibility when models are run in parallel.

subset

An index vector specifying the cases to be used in the training sample. (NOTE: If given, this argument must be named.)

na.action

A function to specify the action to be taken if NAs are found. The default action is for the procedure to fail. An alternative is na.omit, which leads to rejection of cases with missing values on any required variable. (NOTE: If given, this argument must be named.)

contrasts

a list of contrasts to be used for some or all of the factors appearing as variables in the model formula.

y

matrix or data frame of target values for examples.

object

an object of class avNNet as returned by avNNet.

newdata

matrix or data frame of test examples. A vector is considered to be a row vector comprising a single case.

type

Type of output, either: raw for the raw outputs, code for the predicted class or prob for the class probabilities.

Author

These are heavily based on the nnet code from Brian Ripley.

Details

Following Ripley (1996), the same neural network model is fit using different random number seeds. All the resulting models are used for prediction. For regression, the output from each network are averaged. For classification, the model scores are first averaged, then translated to predicted classes. Bagging can also be used to create the models.

If a parallel backend is registered, the foreach package is used to train the networks in parallel.

References

Ripley, B. D. (1996) Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks. Cambridge.

See Also

nnet, preProcess

Examples

data(BloodBrain)
if (FALSE) {
modelFit <- avNNet(bbbDescr, logBBB, size = 5, linout = TRUE, trace = FALSE)
modelFit

predict(modelFit, bbbDescr)
}