Each observation is treated as a unit vector, or point on the unit circle. The resultant vector of the observations is found, and the length of the resultant vector divided by the sample size is returned.
References
Jammalamadaka, S. Rao and SenGupta, A. (2001). Topics in Circular Statistics, Section 1.3, World Scientific Press, Singapore.
See Also
mean.circular, var.circular,
summary.circular and mle.vonmises.