coin (version 1.4-3)

CWD: Coarse Woody Debris

Description

Carbon flux on six pieces of wood.

Usage

CWD

Format

A data frame with 13 observations on 8 variables.

sample2

carbon flux measurement for 2nd piece of wood.

sample3

carbon flux measurement for 3rd piece of wood.

sample4

carbon flux measurement for 4th piece of wood.

sample6

carbon flux measurement for 6th piece of wood.

sample7

carbon flux measurement for 7th piece of wood.

sample8

carbon flux measurement for 8th piece of wood.

trend

measurement day (in days from beginning).

time

date of measurement.

Details

Coarse woody debris (CWD, dead wood greater than 10 cm in diameter) is a large stock of carbon in tropical forests, yet the flux of carbon out of this pool, via respiration, is poorly resolved (Chambers, Schimel and Nobre, 2001). The heterotrophic process involved in CWD respiration should respond to reductions in moisture availability, which occurs during dry season (Chambers, Schimel and Nobre, 2001).

CWD respiration measurements were taken in a tropical forest in west French Guiana, which experiences extreme contrasts in wet and dry season (Bonal et al., 2008). An infrared gas analyzer and a clear chamber sealed to the wood surface were used to measure the flux of carbon out of the wood (Stahl et al., 2011). Measurements were repeated 13 times, from July to November 2011, on six pieces of wood during the transition into and out of the dry season. The aim is to assess if there were shifts in the CWD respiration of any of the pieces in response to the transition into (early August) and out of (late October) the dry season.

Zeileis and Hothorn (2013) investigated the six-variate series of CO\(_2\) reflux, aiming to find out whether the reflux had changed over the sampling period in at least one of the six wood pieces.

References

Bonal, D., Bosc, A., Ponton, S., Goret, J.-Y., Burban, B., Gross, P., Bonnefond, J.-M., Elbers, J., Longdoz, B., Epron, D., Guehl, J.-M. and Granier, A. (2008). Impact of severe dry season on net ecosystem exchange in the Neotropical rainforest of French Guiana. Global Change Biology 14(8), 1917--1933. tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01610.x")

Chambers, J. Q., Schimel, J. P. and Nobre, A. D. (2001). Respiration from coarse wood litter in central Amazon forests. Biogeochemistry 52(2), 115--131. tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1023/A:1006473530673")

Stahl, C., Burban, B., Goret, J.-Y. and Bonal, D. (2011). Seasonal variations in stem CO\(\mathrm{_2}\) efflux in the Neotropical rainforest of French Guiana. Annals of Forest Science 68(4), 771--782. tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1007/s13595-011-0074-2")

Zeileis, A. and Hothorn, T. (2013). A toolbox of permutation tests for structural change. Statistical Papers 54(4), 931--954. tools:::Rd_expr_doi("10.1007/s00362-013-0503-4")

Examples

## Zeileis and Hothorn (2013, pp. 942-944)
## Approximative (Monte Carlo) maximally selected statistics
CWD[1:6] <- 100 * CWD[1:6] # scaling (to avoid harmless warning)
mt <- maxstat_test(sample2 + sample3 + sample4 +
                   sample6 + sample7 + sample8 ~ trend, data = CWD,
                   distribution = approximate(nresample = 100000))

## Absolute maximum of standardized statistics (t = 3.08)
statistic(mt)

## 5% critical value (t_0.05 = 2.86)
(c <- qperm(mt, 0.95))

## Only 'sample8' exceeds the 5% critical value
sts <- statistic(mt, type = "standardized")
idx <- which(sts > c, arr.ind = TRUE)
sts[unique(idx[, 1]), unique(idx[, 2]), drop = FALSE]