copula (version 0.999-14)

Sibuya: Sibuya Distribution - Sampling and Probabilities

Description

The Sibuya distribution $Sib(alpha)$ can be defined by its Laplace transform $$1-(1-\exp(-t))^\alpha,\ t\in[0,\infty),$$ its distribution function $$F(k)=1-(-1)^k{\alpha-1\choose k}=1-\frac{1}{kB(k,1-\alpha)},\ k\in\mathbf{N}$$ (where $beta$ denotes the beta function) or its probability mass function $$p_k={\alpha\choose k}(-1)^{k-1},\ k\in\mathbf{N}, $$ where $alpha in (0,1]$.

pSibuya evaluates the distribution function.

dSibuya evaluates the probability mass function.

rSibuya generates random variates from $Sib(alpha)$ with the algorithm described in Hofert (2011), Proposition 3.2.

dsumSibuya gives the probability mass function of the $n$-fold convolution of Sibuya variables, that is, the sum of $n$ independent Sibuya random variables, $S = sum(i=1..n) X[i]$, where $X[i] ~ Sib(alpha)$.

This probability mass function can be shown (see Hofert (2010, pp. 99)) to be $$\sum_{j=1}^n{n\choose j}{j\alpha\choose k} (-1)^{k-j},\ k\in\{n,n+1,\dots\}.$$

Usage

rSibuya(n, alpha)
dSibuya(x, alpha, log=FALSE)
pSibuya(x, alpha, lower.tail=TRUE, log.p=FALSE)
dsumSibuya(x, n, alpha, method=c("log", "direct", "diff", "exp.log", "Rmpfr", "Rmpfr0", "RmpfrM", "Rmpfr0M"), mpfr.ctrl = list(minPrec = 21, fac = 1.25, verbose=TRUE), log=FALSE)

Arguments

n

for rSibuya: sample size, that is, length of the resulting vector of random variates. for dsumSibuya: the number $n$ of summands.

alpha

parameter in $(0,1]$.

x

vector of integer values (“quantiles”) $x$ at which to compute the probability mass or cumulative probability.

log, log.p

logical; if TRUE, probabilities p are given as log(p).

lower.tail

logical; if TRUE (the default), probabilities are $P(X <= x)$,="" otherwise,="" $p(x=""> x)$.

method

character string specifying which computational method is to be applied. Implemented are:

"log"

evaluates the logarithm of the sum $$\sum_{j=1}^n {n\choose j}{j\alpha\choose x} (-1)^{x-j}$$ in a numerically stable way;

"direct"

directly evaluates the sum;

"Rmpfr*"

are as method="direct" but use high-precision arithmetic; "Rmpfr" and "Rmpfr0" return doubles whereas "RmpfrM" and "Rmpfr0M" give mpfr high-precision numbers. Whereas "Rmpfr" and "RmpfrM" each adapt to high enough precision, the "Rmpfr0*" ones do not adapt.

For all "Rmpfr*" methods, alpha can be set to a mpfr number of specified precision and this will determine the precision of all parts of the internal computations.

"diff"

interprets the sum as a forward difference and computes it via diff;

"exp.log"

is as method="log" but without numerically stable evaluation (not recommended, use with care).

mpfr.ctrl

for method = "Rmpfr" or "RmpfrM" only: a list of minPrec: minimal (estimated) precision in bits, fac: factor with which current precision is multiplied if it is not sufficient. verbose: determining if and how much is printed.

Value

rSibuya:

A vector of positive integers of length n containing the generated random variates.

dSibuya, pSibuya:

a vector of probabilities of the same length as x.

dsumSibuya:

a vector of probabilities, positive if and only if x >= n and of the same length as x (or n if that is longer).

Details

The Sibuya distribution has no finite moments, that is, specifically infinite mean and variance.

For documentation and didactical purposes, rSibuyaR is a pure-R implementation of rSibuya, of course slower than rSibuya as the latter is implemented in C.

Note that the sum to evaluate for dsumSibuya is numerically highly challenging, even already for small $alpha$ values (for example, $n >= 10$), and therefore should be used with care. It may require high-precision arithmetic which can be accessed with method="Rmpfr" (and the Rmpfr package).

References

Hofert, M. (2010). Sampling Nested Archimedean Copulas with Applications to CDO Pricing. Südwestdeutscher Verlag fuer Hochschulschriften AG & Co. KG.

Hofert, M. (2011). Efficiently sampling nested Archimedean copulas. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 55, 57--70.

See Also

rFJoe and rF01Joe (where rSibuya is applied).

Examples

## Sample n random variates from a Sibuya(alpha) distribution and plot a
## histogram
n <- 1000
alpha <- .4
X <- rSibuya(n, alpha)
hist(log(X), prob=TRUE); lines(density(log(X)), col=2, lwd=2)