copula (version 1.1-4)

cCopula: Conditional Distributions and Their Inverses from Copulas

Description

Compute the conditional distribution function \(C(u_d\,|\,u_1,\dots, u_{d-1})\) of \(u_d\) given \(u_1,\dots,u_{d-1}\).

Usage

cCopula(u, copula, indices = 1:dim(copula), inverse = FALSE,
        log = FALSE, drop = FALSE, ...)
## Deprecated (use cCopula() instead):
rtrafo(u, copula, indices = 1:dim(copula), inverse = FALSE, log = FALSE)
cacopula(u, cop, n.MC = 0, log = FALSE)

Value

An \((n, k)\)-matrix (unless n == 1 and

drop is true, where a \(k\)-vector is returned) where \(k\)

is the length of indices. This matrix contains the conditional copula function values

\(C_{j|1,\dots,j-1}(u_j\,|\,u_1,\dots,u_{j-1})\)

or, if inverse = TRUE, their inverses

\(C^-_{j|1,\dots,j-1}(u_j\,|\,u_1,\dots,u_{j-1})\)

for all \(j\) in indices.

Arguments

u

data matrix in \([0,1]^(n, d)\) of \(U(0,1)^d\) samples if inverse = FALSE and (pseudo-/copula-)observations if inverse = TRUE.

copula, cop

copula, i.e., an object of class "Copula" with specified parameters; currently, the conditional distribution is only provided for Archimedean and elliptical copulas.

indices

vector of indices \(j\) (in \(\{1,\dots,d\}\) (\(d =\) copula dimension); unique; sorted in increasing order) for which \(C_{j|1,\dots,j-1}(u_j\,|\,u_1,\dots,u_{j-1})\) (or, if inverse = TRUE, \(C^-_{j|1,\dots,j-1}(u_j\,|\,u_1,\dots,u_{j-1})\)) is computed.

inverse

logical indicating whether the inverse \(C^-_{j|1,\dots,j-1}(u_j\,|\,u_1,\dots,u_{j-1})\) is returned.

n.MC

integer Monte Carlo sample size; for Archimedean copulas only, used if positive.

log

a logical indicating whether the logarithmic values are returned.

drop

a logical indicating whether a vector should be returned (instead of a 1--row matrix) when n is 1.

...

additional arguments (currently only used if inverse = TRUE in which case they are passed on to the underlying uniroot()).

Details

By default and if fed with a sample of the corresponding copula, cCopula() computes the Rosenblatt transform; see Rosenblatt (1952). The involved high-order derivatives for Archimedean copulas were derived in Hofert et al. (2012).

Sampling, that is, random number generation, can be achieved by using inverse=TRUE. In this case, the inverse Rosenblatt transformation is used, which, for sampling purposes, is also known as conditional distribution method. Note that, for Archimedean copulas not being Clayton, this can be slow as it involves numerical root finding in each (but the first) component.

References

Genest, C., Rémillard, B., and Beaudoin, D. (2009). Goodness-of-fit tests for copulas: A review and a power study. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 44, 199--213.

Rosenblatt, M. (1952). Remarks on a Multivariate Transformation, The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 23, 3, 470--472.

Hofert, M., Mächler, M., and McNeil, A. J. (2012). Likelihood inference for Archimedean copulas in high dimensions under known margins. Journal of Multivariate Analysis 110, 133--150.

See Also

htrafo; acopula-families.

Examples

## 1) Sampling from a conditional distribution of a Clayton copula given u_1

## Define the copula
tau <- 0.5
theta <- iTau(claytonCopula(), tau = tau)
d <- 2
cc <- claytonCopula(theta, dim = d)
n <- 1000
set.seed(271)

## A small u_1
u1 <- 0.05
U <- cCopula(cbind(u1, runif(n)), copula = cc, inverse = TRUE)
plot(U[,2], ylab = quote(U[2]))

## A large u_1
u1 <- 0.95
U <- cCopula(cbind(u1, runif(n)), copula = cc, inverse = TRUE)
plot(U[,2], ylab = quote(U[2]))


## 2) Sample via conditional distribution method and then apply the
##    Rosenblatt transform
##    Note: We choose the numerically more involved (and thus slower)
##          Gumbel case here

## Define the copula
tau <- 0.5
theta <- iTau(gumbelCopula(), tau = tau)
d <- 5
gc <- gumbelCopula(theta, dim = d)
n <- 200
set.seed(271)
U. <- matrix(runif(n*d), ncol = d) # U(0,1)^d

# \donttest{
## Transform to Gumbel sample via conditional distribution method
U <- cCopula(U., copula = gc, inverse = TRUE) # slow for ACs except Clayton
splom2(U) # scatter-plot matrix copula sample

## Rosenblatt transform back to U(0,1)^d (as a check)
U. <- cCopula(U, copula = gc)
splom2(U.) # U(0,1)^d again
# }

## 3) cCopula() for elliptical copulas

tau <- 0.5
theta <- iTau(claytonCopula(), tau = tau)
d <- 5
cc <- claytonCopula(theta, dim = d)
set.seed(271)
n <- 1000
U <- rCopula(n, copula = cc)
X <- qnorm(U) # X now follows a meta-Clayton model with N(0,1) marginals
U <- pobs(X) # build pseudo-observations

fN <- fitCopula(normalCopula(dim = d), data = U) # fit a Gauss copula
U.RN <- cCopula(U, copula = fN@copula)
splom2(U.RN, cex = 0.2) # visible but not so clearly

f.t <- fitCopula(tCopula(dim = d), U)
U.Rt <- cCopula(U, copula = f.t@copula) # transform with a fitted t copula
splom2(U.Rt, cex = 0.2) # still visible but not so clear

## Inverse (and check consistency)
U.N <- cCopula(U.RN, copula = fN @copula, inverse = TRUE)
U.t <- cCopula(U.Rt, copula = f.t@copula, inverse = TRUE)

tol <- 1e-14
stopifnot(
    all.equal(U, U.N),
    all.equal(U, U.t),
    all.equal(log(U.RN),
              cCopula(U, copula = fN @copula, log = TRUE), tolerance = tol),
    all.equal(log(U.Rt),
              cCopula(U, copula = f.t@copula, log = TRUE), tolerance = tol)
)

## 4) cCopula() for a more sophisticated mixture copula (bivariate case only!)

tau <- 0.5
cc <- claytonCopula(iTau(claytonCopula(), tau = tau)) # first mixture component
tc <- tCopula(iTau(tCopula(), tau = tau), df = 3) # t_3 copula
tc90 <- rotCopula(tc, flip = c(TRUE, FALSE)) # t copula rotated by 90 degrees
wts <- c(1/2, 1/2) # mixture weights
mc <- mixCopula(list(cc, tc90), w = wts) # mixture copula with one copula rotated

set.seed(271)
U <- rCopula(n, copula = mc)
U. <- cCopula(U, copula = mc) # Rosenblatt transform back to U(0,1)^2 (as a check)
plot(U., xlab = quote(U*"'"[1]), ylab = quote(U*"'"[2])) # check for uniformity