mcmcapply returns a certain statistics based on FUN
after coercing into a matrix. FUN can be missing,
in this case mcmcapply is equivalent
to calling as.matrix on an 'mcmc.list' object.
stack can be used to concatenates 'mcmc.list'
objects into a single vector
along with index variables indicating where each observation originated
from (e.g. iteration, variable, chain).