The formula is composed of two part:
column_names ~ new_variables_name
the left-hand side select the columns to change the names, and the right-hand the new names of the selected columns
For example:
column_names1 + column_names2 ~ new_variables_name1 + new_variables_name2
the name of the column 1
and the name of the column 2
are changed in new_variables_name1
and new_variables_name2