When fossil = TRUE, if the tree contains a tree$root.time element (for tree's root age), and that order is set to "past", the output ages are adjusted to be starting from the root.time. Else, if no tree$root.time exists or fossil = FALSE, tips and nodes age is relative from the tip furthest away from the root. THIS FUNCTION DOES NOT ESTIMATE TREE AGES, it just extracts branch length information and converts it into time units. For basic dating functions in R, check chronos, chronopl, chronoMPL or use more specialised dating software (e.g. MrBayes, BEAST, RAxML, etc.).