e1071 (version 1.3-16)

tune: Parameter tuning of fuctions using grid search

Description

This generic function tunes hyperparameters of statistical methods using a grid search over supplied parameter ranges.

Usage

tune(method, train.x, train.y = NULL, data = list(), validation.x =
     NULL, validation.y = NULL, ranges = NULL, predict.func = predict,
     control = tune.control(), ...)

Arguments

method

function to be tuned.

train.x

either a formula or a matrix of predictors.

train.y

the response variable if train.x is a predictor matrix. Ignored if train.x is a formula.

data

data, if a formula interface is used. Ignored, if predictor matrix and response are supplied directly.

validation.x

an optional validation set. Depending on whether a formula interface is used or not, the response can be included in validation.x or separately speciefied using validation.y.

validation.y

if no formula interface is used, the response of the (optional) validation set.

ranges

a named list of parameter vectors spanning the sampling space. The vectors will usually be created by seq.

predict.func

optional predict function, if the standard predict behaviour is inadequate.

control

object of class "tune.control", as created by the function tune.control().

...

Further parameters passed to the training functions.

Value

• An object of class tune, including the components:
• best.parameters
  a 1 x k data frame, k number of parameters.
• best.performance
  best achieved performance.
• performances
  if requested, a data frame of all parameter combinations along with the corresponding performance results.
• if requested, the model trained on the complete training data using the best parameter combination.

Details

As performance measure, the classification error is used for classification, and the mean squared error for regression. It is possible to specify only one parameter combination (i.e., vectors of length 1) to obtain an error estimation of the specified type (bootstrap, cross-classification, etc.) on the given data set. For conveneince, there are several tune.foo() wrappers defined, e.g., for nnet(), randomForest(), rpart(), svm(), and knn().

See Also

tune.control, plot.tune, tune.svm, tune.wrapper

Examples

data(iris)
  ## tune `svm' for classification with RBF-kernel (default in svm),
  ## using one split for training/validation set
  
  obj <- tune(svm, Species~., data = iris, 
              ranges = list(gamma = 2^(-1:1), cost = 2^(2:4)),
              control = tune.control(sampling = "fix")
             )

  ## alternatively:
  ## obj <- tune.svm(Species~., data = iris, gamma = 2^(-1:1), cost = 2^(2:4))

  summary(obj)
  plot(obj)

  ## tune `knn' using a convenience function; this time with the
  ## conventional interface and bootstrap sampling:
  x <- iris[,-5]
  y <- iris[,5]
  obj2 <- tune.knn(x, y, k = 1:5, control = tune.control(sampling = "boot"))
  summary(obj2)
  plot(obj2)

  ## tune `rpart' for regression, using 10-fold cross validation (default)
  data(mtcars)
  obj3 <- tune.rpart(mpg~., data = mtcars, minsplit = c(5,10,15))
  summary(obj3)
  plot(obj3)

  ## simple error estimation for lm using 10-fold cross validation
  tune(lm, mpg~., data = mtcars)