ecospat (version 3.2)

ecospat.binary.model: Generate Binary Models

Description

Generate a binary map from a continuous model prediction.

Usage

ecospat.binary.model (Pred, Threshold)

Arguments

Pred

RasterLayer predicted suitabilities from a SDM prediction.

Threshold

A threshold to convert continous maps into binary maps (e.g. the output of the function ecospat.mpa() or use the optimal.thresholds from PresenceAbsence R package.

Value

The binary model prediction (presence/absence).

Details

This function generates a binary model prediction (presence/absence) from an original model applying a threshold. The threshold could be arbitrary, or be based on the maximum acceptable error of false negatives (i.e. percentage of the presence predicted as absences, omission error).

References

Fielding, A.H. and J.F. Bell. 1997. A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models. Environmental Conservation, 24: 38-49.

Engler, R., A Guisan and L. Rechsteiner. 2004. An improved approach for predicting the distribution of rare and endangered species from occurrence and pseudo-absence data. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, 263-274.

Liu, C., Berry, P. M., Dawson, T. P. and R. G. Pearson. 2005. Selecting thresholds of occurrence in the prediction of species distributions. Ecography, 28, 385-393.

Jimenez-Valverde, A. and J.M.Lobo. 2007. Threshold criteria for conversion of probability of species presence to either-or presence-absence. Acta oecologica, 31, 361-369.

Liu, C., White, M. and G. Newell. 2013. Selecting thresholds for the prediction of species occurrence with presence-only data. J. Biogeogr., 40, 778-789.

Freeman, E.A. and G.G. Moisen. 2008. A comparison of the performance of threshold criteria for binary classification in terms of predicted prevalence and kappa. Ecological Modelling, 217, 48-58.

See Also

ecospat.mpa, optimal.thresholds

Examples

# NOT RUN {
# }
# NOT RUN {
library(raster)
library(dismo)

### make a maxent model

# copy maxent.jar file in the right folder
path.from<-system.file("extdata", "maxent.txt", package="ecospat")
path.to <- paste0(system.file(package="dismo"), "/java/maxent.txt")
path.to.renamed <- paste0(system.file(package="dismo"), "/java/maxent.jar")
file.copy(path.from,path.to,overwrite = TRUE)
file.rename(path.to, path.to.renamed)

if (file.exists(path.to.renamed) & require(rJava)) {

  # get predictor variables
  fnames <- list.files(path=paste(system.file(package="dismo"), '/ex', sep=''), 
                     pattern='grd', full.names=TRUE )
  predictors <- stack(fnames)
  #plot(predictors)

  # file with presence points
  occurence <- paste(system.file(package="dismo"), '/ex/bradypus.csv', sep='')
  occ <- read.table(occurence, header=TRUE, sep=',')[,-1]
  colnames(occ) <- c("x","y")
  occ <- ecospat.occ.desaggregation(occ,min.dist=1)

  # fit a domain model, biome is a categorical variable
  me <- maxent(predictors, occ, factors='biome')

  # predict to entire dataset
  pred <- predict(me, predictors) 

  plot(pred)
  points(occ)
}

### convert suitability to binary map

mpa.cutoff <- ecospat.mpa(pred,occ,perc = 0.9) # 90 percent of the presences encompassed
pred.bin.mpa <- ecospat.binary.model(pred,mpa.cutoff)

plot(pred.bin.mpa)
points(occ)
# }