The standardized score (z-score) indicates how far a student's performance deviates from the mean in units of standard deviation. This function is applicable only to binary response data.
The score is calculated by standardizing the passage rates: $$Z_i = \frac{r_i - \bar{r}}{\sigma_r}$$ where:
\(r_i\) is student i's passage rate
\(\bar{r}\) is the mean passage rate
\(\sigma_r\) is the standard deviation of passage rates
sscore(U, na = NULL, Z = NULL, w = NULL, ...)
A numeric vector of standardized scores for each student. The scores follow a standard normal distribution with:
Mean = 0
Standard deviation = 1
Approximately 68% of scores between -1 and 1
Approximately 95% of scores between -2 and 2
Approximately 99% of scores between -3 and 3
U is a data matrix of the type matrix or data.frame.
na argument specifies the numbers or characters to be treated as missing values.
Z is a missing indicator matrix of the type matrix or data.frame
w is item weight vector
Internal parameters for maintaining compatibility with the binary data processing system. Not intended for direct use.
# using sample dataset
sscore(J5S10)
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