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fHMM (version 1.4.2)

parameter_transformations: Parameter transformations

Description

These helper functions transform model parameters between

  • constrained spaces (suffix *Con)

  • and unconstrained spaces (suffix *Uncon).

The former is useful for interpretation, the latter for unconstrained optimization.

Usage

par2parUncon(par, controls, use_parameter_labels = TRUE)
parUncon2parCon(
  parUncon,
  controls,
  use_parameter_labels = TRUE,
  numerical_safeguard = FALSE
)
parCon2par(parCon, controls, use_parameter_labels = TRUE)
par2parCon(par, controls, use_parameter_labels = TRUE)
parCon2parUncon(parCon, controls, use_parameter_labels = TRUE)
parUncon2par(
  parUncon,
  controls,
  use_parameter_labels = TRUE,
  numerical_safeguard = FALSE
)
muCon2muUncon(muCon, link, prefix = "muUncon_", use_parameter_labels = TRUE)
muUncon2muCon(muUncon, link, prefix = "muCon_", use_parameter_labels = TRUE)
sigmaCon2sigmaUncon(
  sigmaCon,
  prefix = "sigmaUncon_",
  use_parameter_labels = TRUE
)
sigmaUncon2sigmaCon(
  sigmaUncon,
  prefix = "sigmaCon_",
  use_parameter_labels = TRUE,
  numerical_safeguard = FALSE
)
dfCon2dfUncon(dfCon, prefix = "dfUncon_", use_parameter_labels = TRUE)
dfUncon2dfCon(
  dfUncon,
  prefix = "dfCon_",
  use_parameter_labels = TRUE,
  numerical_safeguard = FALSE
)
Gamma2gammasCon(
  Gamma,
  prefix = "gammasCon_",
  use_parameter_labels = TRUE,
  numerical_safeguard = FALSE
)
Gamma2gammasUncon(Gamma, prefix = "gammasUncon_", use_parameter_labels = TRUE)
gammasCon2Gamma(gammasCon, dim, prefix = "state_", use_parameter_labels = TRUE)
gammasCon2gammasUncon(
  gammasCon,
  dim,
  prefix = "gammasUncon_",
  use_parameter_labels = TRUE
)
gammasUncon2Gamma(
  gammasUncon,
  dim,
  prefix = "state_",
  use_parameter_labels = TRUE,
  numerical_safeguard = FALSE
)
gammasUncon2gammasCon(
  gammasUncon,
  dim,
  prefix = "gammasCon_",
  use_parameter_labels = TRUE,
  numerical_safeguard = FALSE
)

Value

For par2parUncon: a vector of unconstrained model parameters.

For parUncon2parCon: a vector of constrained model parameters.

For parCon2par: an object of class fHMM_parameters.

For par2parCon: a vector of constrained model parameters.

For parCon2parUncon: a vector of unconstrained model parameters.

For parUncon2par: an object of class fHMM_parameters.

For muCon2muUncon: a vector of unconstrained expected values.

For muUncon2muCon: a vector of constrained expected values.

For sigmaCon2sigmaUncon: a vector of unconstrained standard deviations.

For sigmaUncon2sigmaCon: a vector of constrained standard deviations.

For dfCon2dfUncon: a vector of unconstrained degrees of freedom.

For dfUncon2dfCon: a vector of constrained degrees of freedom.

For Gamma2gammasCon: a vector of constrained non-diagonal matrix elements (column-wise).

For Gamma2gammasUncon: a vector of unconstrained non-diagonal matrix elements (column-wise).

For gammasCon2Gamma: a transition probability matrix.

For gammasCon2gammasUncon: a vector of unconstrained non-diagonal elements of the transition probability matrix.

For gammasUncon2Gamma: a transition probability matrix.

For gammasUncon2gammasCon: a vector of constrained non-diagonal elements of a transition probability matrix.

Arguments

par

An object of class fHMM_parameters, which is a list of model parameters.

controls

Either a list or an object of class fHMM_controls.

The list can contain the following elements, which are described in more detail below:

  • hierarchy, defines an hierarchical HMM,

  • states, defines the number of states,

  • sdds, defines the state-dependent distributions,

  • horizon, defines the time horizon,

  • period, defines a flexible, periodic fine-scale time horizon,

  • data, a list of controls that define the data,

  • fit, a list of controls that define the model fitting

Either none, all, or selected elements can be specified.

Unspecified parameters are set to their default values.

Important: Specifications in controls always override individual specifications.

use_parameter_labels

Either TRUE to label the parameters or FALSE, if not (this can save computation time).

parUncon

An object of class parUncon, which is a numeric vector with identified and unconstrained model parameters in the following order:

  1. non-diagonal transition probabilities gammasUncon

  2. expectations muUncon

  3. standard deviations sigmaUncon (if any)

  4. degrees of freedom dfUncon (if any)

  5. fine-scale parameters for each coarse-scale state, in the same order (if any)

numerical_safeguard

Either TRUE or FALSE, determining whether to apply the following small corrections to boundary parameters to improve numerical performance when calculating and optimizing the likelihood function:

  • transition probabilities equal to 0 or 1 are shifted towards the center by 1e-3

  • standard deviations and degrees of freedom are bounded above by 100

parCon

An object of class parCon, which is a numeric vector with identified (and constrained) model parameters in the following order:

  1. non-diagonal transition probabilities gammasCon

  2. expectations muCon

  3. standard deviations sigmaCon (if any)

  4. degrees of freedom dfCon (if any)

  5. fine-scale parameters for each coarse-scale state, in the same order (if any)

muCon, muUncon

A vector of (un-) constrained expected values.

link

Either TRUE or FALSE, determining whether to apply the link function.

prefix

A character prefix for labeling the parameters.

sigmaCon, sigmaUncon

A vector of (un-) constrained standard deviations.

dfCon, dfUncon

A vector of (un-) constrained degrees of freedom.

gammasCon, gammasUncon

A vector of (un-) constrained non-diagonal transition probabilities.

dim

An integer, the dimension of the transition probability matrix.