fda (version 6.2.0)

eval.surp: Values of a Functional Data Object Defining Surprisal Curves.

Description

A surprisal vector of length M is minus the log to a positive integer base M of a set of M multinomial probabilities. Surprisal curves are functions of a one-dimensional index set, such that at any value of the index set the values of the curves are a surprisal vector. See Details below for further explanations.

Usage

eval.surp(evalarg, Wfdobj, nderiv = 0)

Value

A N by M matrix S of surprisal values at points evalarg, or their first or second derivatives.

Arguments

evalarg

a vector or matrix of argument values at which the functional data object is to be evaluated.

Wfdobj

a functional data object of dimension M-1 to be evaluated.

nderiv

An integer defining a derivatve of Wfdobj in the set c(0,1,2).

Author

Juan Li and James Ramsay

Details

A surprisal M-vector is information measured in M-bits. Since a multinomial probability vector must sum to one, it follows that the surprisal vector S must satisfy the constraint log_M(sum(M^(-S)) = 0. That is, surprisal vectors lie within a curved M-1-dimensional manifold.

Surprisal curves are defined by a set of unconstrained M-1 B-spline functional data objects defined over an index set that are transformed into surprisal curves defined over the index set.

Let C be a K by M-1 coefficient matrix defining the B-spline curves, where K is the number of B-spline basis functions.

Let a M by M-1 matrix Z have orthonormal columns. Matrices satisfying these constraints are generated by function zerobasis().

Let N by K matrix be a matrix of B-spline basis values evaluated at N evaluation points using function eval.basis().

Let N by M matrix X = B * C * t(Z).

Then the N by M matrix S of surprisal values is S = -X + outer(log(rowSums(M^X))/log(M),rep(1,M)).

References

Ramsay, James O., Hooker, Giles, and Graves, Spencer (2009), Functional data analysis with R and Matlab, Springer, New York.

Ramsay, James O., and Silverman, Bernard W. (2005), Functional Data Analysis, 2nd ed., Springer, New York.

Ramsay, James O., and Silverman, Bernard W. (2002), Applied Functional Data Analysis, Springer, New York.

See Also

smooth.surp

Examples

#  see example in man/smooth.surp.Rd