Makes it possible to perform smoothing with smooth.basis when the
data has NAs.
smooth.basis.sparse(argvals, y, fdParobj, fdnames=NULL, covariates=NULL,
method="chol", dfscale=1 )an object of class fd.
a set of argument values corresponding to the observations in array
y. In most applications these values will be common to all curves
and all variables, and therefore be defined as a vector or as a matrix
with a single column. But it is possible that these argument values
will vary from one curve to another, and in this case argvals will
be input as a matrix with rows corresponding to observation points and
columns corresponding to curves. Argument values can even vary from one
variable to another, in which case they are input as an array with
dimensions corresponding to observation points, curves and variables,
respectively. Note, however, that the number of observation points per
curve and per variable may NOT vary. If it does, then curves and variables
must be smoothed individually rather than by a single call to this function.
The default value for argvals are the integers 1 to n, where
n is the size of the first dimension in argument y.
an set of values of curves at discrete sampling points or
argument values. If the set is supplied as a matrix object, the rows must
correspond to argument values and columns to replications, and it will be
assumed that there is only one variable per observation. If
y is a three-dimensional array, the first dimension
corresponds to argument values, the second to replications, and the
third to variables within replications. If y is a vector,
only one replicate and variable are assumed. If the data
come from a single replication but multiple vectors, such as data
on coordinates for a single space curve, then be sure to coerce
the data into an array object by using the as.array function
with one as the central dimension length.
a functional parameter object, a functional data object or a
functional basis object. In the simplest case, fdParobj may
be a functional basis object with class "basisfd" defined
previously by one of the "create" functions, and in this case, no
roughness penalty is used. No roughness penalty is also the
consequence of supplying a functional data object with class "fd",
in which case the basis system used for smoothing is that defining
this object.
However, if the object is a functional parameter object with class
"fdPar", then the linear differential operator object and the
smoothing parameter in this object define the roughness penalty. For
further details on how the roughness penalty is defined, see the help
file for "fdPar". In general, better results can be obtained using a
good roughness penalty than can be obtained by merely varying the
number of basis functions in the expansion.
a list of length 3 containing character vectors of names for the following:
name for each observation or point in time at which data are collected for each 'rep', unit or subject.
name for each 'rep', unit or subject.
name for each 'fun' or (response) variable measured repeatedly (per 'args') for each 'rep'.
The observed values in y are assumed to be primarily
determined by the height of the curve being estimates, but from time
to time certain values can also be influenced by other known
variables. For example, multi-year sets of climate variables may be
also determined by the presence of absence of an El Nino event, or a
volcanic eruption. One or more of these covariates can be supplied
as an n by p matrix, where p is the number of
such covariates. When such covariates are available, the smoothing
is called "semi-parametric." Matrices or arrays of regression
coefficients are then estimated that define the impacts of each of
these covariates for each curve and each variable.
by default the function uses the usual textbook equations for computing
the coefficients of the basis function expansions. But, as in regression
analysis, a price is paid in terms of rounding error for such
computations since they involved cross-products of basis function
values. Optionally, if method is set equal to the string "qr",
the computation uses an algorithm based on the qr-decomposition which
is more accurate, but will require substantially more computing time
when n is large, meaning more than 500 or so. The default
is "chol", referring the Choleski decomposition of a symmetric positive
definite matrix.
the generalized cross-validation or "gcv" criterion that is often used
to determine the size of the smoothing parameter involves the
subtraction of an measue of degrees of freedom from n. Chong
Gu has argued that multiplying this degrees of freedom measure by
a constant slightly greater than 1, such as 1.2, can produce better
decisions about the level of smoothing to be used. The default value
is, however, 1.0.
Ramsay, James O., Hooker, Giles, and Graves, Spencer (2009), Functional data analysis with R and Matlab, Springer, New York.
Ramsay, James O., and Silverman, Bernard W. (2005), Functional Data Analysis, 2nd ed., Springer, New York.
Ramsay, James O., and Silverman, Bernard W. (2002), Applied Functional Data Analysis, Springer, New York.
smooth.basis