grDevices (version 3.4.0)

rgb2hsv: RGB to HSV Conversion

Description

rgb2hsv transforms colors from RGB space (red/green/blue) into HSV space (hue/saturation/value).

Usage

rgb2hsv(r, g = NULL, b = NULL, maxColorValue = 255)

Arguments

r

vector of ‘red’ values in \([0, M]\), (\(M = \)maxColorValue) or 3-row rgb matrix.

g

vector of ‘green’ values, or NULL when r is a matrix.

b

vector of ‘blue’ values, or NULL when r is a matrix.

maxColorValue

number giving the maximum of the RGB color values range. The default 255 corresponds to the typical 0:255 RGB coding as in col2rgb().

Value

A matrix with a column for each color. The three rows of the matrix indicate hue, saturation and value and are named "h", "s", and "v" accordingly.

Details

Value (brightness) gives the amount of light in the color. Hue describes the dominant wavelength. Saturation is the amount of Hue mixed into the color. An HSV colorspace is relative to an RGB colorspace, which in R is sRGB, which has an implicit gamma correction.

See Also

hsv, col2rgb, rgb.

Examples

## These (saturated, bright ones) only differ by hue
(rc <- col2rgb(c("red", "yellow","green","cyan", "blue", "magenta")))
(hc <- rgb2hsv(rc))
6 * hc["h",] # the hues are equispaced


(rgb3 <- floor(256 * matrix(stats::runif(3*12), 3, 12)))
(hsv3 <- rgb2hsv(rgb3))
## Consistency :
stopifnot(rgb3 == col2rgb(hsv(h = hsv3[1,], s = hsv3[2,], v = hsv3[3,])),
          all.equal(hsv3, rgb2hsv(rgb3/255, maxColorValue = 1)))

## A (simplified) pure R version -- originally by Wolfram Fischer --
## showing the exact algorithm:
rgb2hsvR <- function(rgb, gamma = 1, maxColorValue = 255)
{
    if(!is.numeric(rgb)) stop("rgb matrix must be numeric")
    d <- dim(rgb)
    if(d[1] != 3) stop("rgb matrix must have 3 rows")
    n <- d[2]
    if(n == 0) return(cbind(c(h = 1, s = 1, v = 1))[,0])
    rgb <- rgb/maxColorValue
    if(gamma != 1) rgb <- rgb ^ (1/gamma)

    ## get the max and min
    v <- apply( rgb, 2, max)
    s <- apply( rgb, 2, min)
    D <- v - s # range

    ## set hue to zero for undefined values (gray has no hue)
    h <- numeric(n)
    notgray <- ( s != v )

    ## blue hue
    idx <- (v == rgb[3,] & notgray )
    if (any (idx))
        h[idx] <- 2/3 + 1/6 * (rgb[1,idx] - rgb[2,idx]) / D[idx]
    ## green hue
    idx <- (v == rgb[2,] & notgray )
    if (any (idx))
        h[idx] <- 1/3 + 1/6 * (rgb[3,idx] - rgb[1,idx]) / D[idx]
    ## red hue
    idx <- (v == rgb[1,] & notgray )
    if (any (idx))
        h[idx] <-       1/6 * (rgb[2,idx] - rgb[3,idx]) / D[idx]

    ## correct for negative red
    idx <- (h < 0)
    h[idx] <- 1+h[idx]

    ## set the saturation
    s[! notgray] <- 0;
    s[notgray] <- 1 - s[notgray] / v[notgray]

    rbind( h = h, s = s, v = v )
}

## confirm the equivalence:
all.equal(rgb2hsv (rgb3),
          rgb2hsvR(rgb3), tolerance = 1e-14) # TRUE