Produce a Cohen-Friendly association plot indicating deviations from independence of rows and columns in a 2-dimensional contingency table.
assocplot(x, col = c("black", "red"), space = 0.3,
main = NULL, xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL)a two-dimensional contingency table in matrix form.
a character vector of length two giving the colors used for drawing positive and negative Pearson residuals, respectively.
the amount of space (as a fraction of the average rectangle width and height) left between each rectangle.
overall title for the plot.
a label for the x axis. Defaults to the name (if any) of
the row dimension in x.
a label for the y axis. Defaults to the name (if any) of
the column dimension in x.
For a two-way contingency table, the signed contribution to Pearson's
\(\chi^2\) for cell \(i, j\) is \(d_{ij} = (f_{ij} -
e_{ij}) / \sqrt{e_{ij}}\),
where \(f_{ij}\) and \(e_{ij}\) are the observed and expected
counts corresponding to the cell. In the Cohen-Friendly association
plot, each cell is represented by a rectangle that has (signed) height
proportional to \(d_{ij}\) and width proportional to
\(\sqrt{e_{ij}}\), so that the area of the box is
proportional to the difference in observed and expected frequencies.
The rectangles in each row are positioned relative to a baseline
indicating independence (\(d_{ij} = 0\)). If the observed frequency
of a cell is greater than the expected one, the box rises above the
baseline and is shaded in the color specified by the first element of
col, which defaults to black; otherwise, the box falls below
the baseline and is shaded in the color specified by the second
element of col, which defaults to red.
A more flexible and extensible implementation of association plots
written in the grid graphics system is provided in the function
assoc in the contributed package vcd
(Meyer, Zeileis and Hornik, 2005).
Cohen, A. (1980), On the graphical display of the significant components in a two-way contingency table. Communications in Statistics---Theory and Methods, A9, 1025--1041.
Friendly, M. (1992), Graphical methods for categorical data. SAS User Group International Conference Proceedings, 17, 190--200. http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/sugi/sugi17-paper.html
Meyer, D., Zeileis, A., and Hornik, K. (2005) The strucplot framework: Visualizing multi-way contingency tables with vcd. Report 22, Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Research Report Series. http://epub.wu.ac.at/dyn/openURL?id=oai:epub.wu-wien.ac.at:epub-wu-01_8a1
## Aggregate over sex:
x <- margin.table(HairEyeColor, c(1, 2))
x
assocplot(x, main = "Relation between hair and eye color")
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