The expressions preprocess(x, erase = pattern, lower_case = TRUE) and
preprocess(x, erase = pattern, lower_case = FALSE) are roughly
equivalent to tolower(gsub(pattern, "", x)) and
gsub(pattern, "", x), respectively, provided that the regular
expression 'pattern' is correctly recognized by R.
Internally, preprocess() converts the string 'pattern' is converted
into a C++ std::regex class by the default constructor
std::regex::regex(std::string).