laGP (version 1.5-9)

newGP: Create A New GP Object

Description

Build a Gaussian process C-side object based on the X-Z data and parameters provided, and augment those objects with new data

Usage

newGP(X, Z, d, g, dK = FALSE)
newGPsep(X, Z, d, g, dK = FALSE)
updateGP(gpi, X, Z, verb = 0)
updateGPsep(gpsepi, X, Z, verb = 0)

Value

newGP and newGPsep create a unique GP indicator (gpi or gpsepi) referencing a C-side object;

updateGP and updateGPsep do not return anything, but yields a modified C-side object as a side effect

Arguments

X

a matrix or data.frame containing the full (large) design matrix of input locations

Z

a vector of responses/dependent values with length(Z) = nrow(X)

d

a positive scalar lengthscale parameter for an isotropic Gaussian correlation function (newGP); or a vector for a separable version (newGPsep)

g

a positive scalar nugget parameter

dK

a scalar logical indicating whether or not derivative information (for the lengthscale) should be maintained by the GP object; this is required for calculating MLEs/MAPs of the lengthscale parameter(s) via mleGP and jmleGP

gpi

a C-side GP object identifier (positive integer); e.g., as returned by newGP

gpsepi

similar to gpi but indicating a separable GP object, as returned by newGPsep

verb

a non-negative integer indicating the verbosity level. A positive value causes progress statements to be printed to the screen for each update of i in 1:nrow(X)

Author

Robert B. Gramacy

Details

newGP allocates a new GP object on the C-side and returns its unique integer identifier (gpi), taking time which is cubic on nrow(X); allocated GP objects must (eventually) be destroyed with deleteGP or deleteGPs or memory will leak. The same applies for newGPsep, except deploying a separable correlation with limited feature set; see deleteGPsep and deleteGPseps

updateGP takes gpi identifier as input and augments that GP with new data. A sequence of updates is performed, for each i in 1:nrow(X), each taking time which is quadratic in the number of data points. updateGP also updates any statistics needed in order to quickly search for new local design candidates via laGP. The same applies to updateGPsep on gpsepi objects

References

For standard GP inference, refer to any graduate text, e.g., Rasmussen & Williams Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning, or

Gramacy, R. B. (2020) Surrogates: Gaussian Process Modeling, Design and Optimization for the Applied Sciences. Boca Raton, Florida: Chapman Hall/CRC. (See Chapter 6.) https://bobby.gramacy.com/surrogates/

For efficient updates of GPs, see:

R.B. Gramacy and D.W. Apley (2015). Local Gaussian process approximation for large computer experiments. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 24(2), pp. 561-678; preprint on arXiv:1303.0383; https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.0383

See Also

vignette("laGP"), deleteGP, mleGP, predGP, laGP

Examples

## for more examples, see predGP and mleGP docs

## simple sine data
X <- matrix(seq(0,2*pi,length=7), ncol=1)
Z <- sin(X)

## new GP fit
gpi <- newGP(X, Z, 2, 0.000001)

## make predictions
XX <- matrix(seq(-1,2*pi+1, length=499), ncol=ncol(X))
p <- predGP(gpi, XX)

## sample from the predictive distribution
if(require(mvtnorm)) {
  N <- 100
  ZZ <- rmvt(N, p$Sigma, p$df) 
  ZZ <- ZZ + t(matrix(rep(p$mean, N), ncol=N))
  matplot(XX, t(ZZ), col="gray", lwd=0.5, lty=1, type="l", 
         xlab="x", ylab="f-hat(x)", bty="n")
  points(X, Z, pch=19, cex=2)
}

## update with four more points
X2 <- matrix(c(pi/2, 3*pi/2, -0.5, 2*pi+0.5), ncol=1)
Z2 <- sin(X2)
updateGP(gpi, X2, Z2)

## make a new set of predictions
p2 <- predGP(gpi, XX)
if(require(mvtnorm)) {
  ZZ <- rmvt(N, p2$Sigma, p2$df) 
  ZZ <- ZZ + t(matrix(rep(p2$mean, N), ncol=N))
  matplot(XX, t(ZZ), col="gray", lwd=0.5, lty=1, type="l", 
         xlab="x", ylab="f-hat(x)", bty="n")
  points(X, Z, pch=19, cex=2)
  points(X2, Z2, pch=19, cex=2, col=2)
}

## clean up
deleteGP(gpi)