marelac (version 2.1.11)

gas_satconc: Saturated Concentrations of Gases in Water

Description

Calculates the saturated concentration of several gases in water for a given temperature, salinity and pressure.

Usage

gas_satconc(S = 35, t = 25, P = 1.013253,
        species =c("He","Ne","N2","O2","Ar","Kr","CH4","CO2","N2O"),
        atm = atmComp(species))

Value

The saturated concentration of the gas in \(mmol m^{-3}\).

Arguments

S

Salinity (dimensionless),

t

Temperature, \(^\circ\)C,

P

True pressure, bar

species

character vector with gasses whose saturated concentration should be estimated.

atm

The number of moles of the gas per unit mole of air in the atmosphere, the "mixing ratio". When present, this overrules the species argument. When unspecified, the value from atmComp for the species is taken.

Author

Karline Soetaert <[e-mail]>

References

Sarmiento JL and Gruber N, 2006. Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics. Princeton University Press, Princeton. p 85.

who cite:

for He and Ne: Weiss R, 1971. Solubility of helium and neon in water and seawater. Journ. Chem. Eng. Data 16, 235-241.

N2, O2 and Ar: Weiss R, 1970. The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Res. 17, 721-35.

Kr: Weiss R and Kyser TK, 1978. Solubility of Krypton in water and seawater. Journ. Chem. Eng. Data 23, 69-72.

Rn: Hackbusch 1979. Eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Diffusions-, L?slichkeits un Permeabilitats Konstanten von Radon-222 in Wasser und Meereswasser. Dissertation, University of Heidelberg, Germany.

CH4: Wiesenburg DA and Guinasso JNL, 1979. Equilibrium solubilities of methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen in water and sea water. Journ. Chem. Eng. Data 24, 256-360.

CO2 and N2O: Weiss R and Price BA, 1980. Nitrous oxide solubility in wate and sewater. Mar. Chem. 8, 347-359.

CFC-11 and CFC-12: Warner MJ and Weiss R, 1985. Solubilities of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 in water and sewater. Deep-Sea Res. 32, 1485-1497.

SF6: Bullister et al., 2002. The solubility of sulfur hexafluroide in water and sewater. Deep-Sea Res. I, 49, 175-188.

CCl4: Bullister JL and Wisegarver DP, 1998. The solubility of carbon tetrachloride in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Res. I, 1285-1302.

See Also

gas_O2sat, gas_schmidt,gas_solubility,gas_transfer, atmComp, vapor

Examples

gas_satconc(species = "O2")
Temp <- seq(from = 0, to = 30, by = 0.1)
Sal  <- seq(from = 0, to = 35, by = 0.1)

mf  <- par(mfrow = c(1,2))

species <- c("N2", "CO2", "O2", "CH4", "N2O")
gsat  <- gas_satconc(t = Temp, species = species)

matplot(Temp, gsat, type = "l", xlab = "temperature", log = "y", lty = 1,
     ylab = "mmol/m3", main = "Saturated conc (S=35)", lwd = 2)
legend("right", col = 1:5, lwd = 2, legend = species)

gsat  <- gas_satconc(S = Sal, species = species)
matplot(Sal, gsat, type = "l", xlab = "salinity", log = "y", lty = 1,
     ylab = "mmol/m3", main = "Saturated conc (T=20)", lwd = 2)
legend("right", col = 1:5, lwd = 2, legend = species)


par(mfrow = mf)

## generate table 3.2.4 from Sarmiento and Gruber
Temp <- seq (0, 30, by = 5)
## saturated concentrations in mmol/m3, at 1 atm.
A <- data.frame(cbind( t = Temp,
            N2  = gas_satconc(t = Temp, species = "N2"),
            O2  = gas_satconc(t = Temp, species = "O2"),
            CO2 = gas_satconc(t = Temp, species = "CO2"),
            Ar  = gas_satconc(t = Temp, species = "Ar")))
format(A, digits = 4)
## table values
## at  0 dg C: 635.6   359.1  23.37  17.44
## at 20 dg C: 425.7   230.5  11.61  11.29
## note the deviations for CO2 (20dg)!

## saturated concentrations in micromol/m3, at 1 atm.
AA <- data.frame(cbind(t = Temp,
            N2O = gas_satconc(t = Temp, species = "N2O")*1000,
            Ne  = gas_satconc(t = Temp, species = "Ne" )*1000,
            Kr  = gas_satconc(t = Temp, species = "Kr" )*1000,
            CH4 = gas_satconc(t = Temp, species = "CH4")*1000,
            He  = gas_satconc(t = Temp, species = "He" )*1000))
format(AA, digits = 4)
## table values
## at  0 dgC: 14.84 8.11  4.33  3.44  1.81
## at 20 dgC: 7.16  6.94  2.50  2.12  1.70
## Note: different for N2O