matlib (version 1.0.0)

showEqn: Show Matrices (A, b) as Linear Equations

Description

Shows what matrices \(\\mathbf{A}, \\mathbf{b}\) look like as the system of linear equations, \(\\mathbf{A x} = \\mathbf{b}\), but written out as a set of equations.

Usage

showEqn(
  A,
  b,
  vars,
  simplify = FALSE,
  reduce = FALSE,
  fractions = FALSE,
  latex = FALSE
)

Value

a one-column character matrix, one row for each equation

Arguments

A

either the matrix of coefficients of a system of linear equations, or the matrix cbind(A,b). The matrix can be numeric or character. Alternatively, can be of class 'lm' to print the equations for the design matrix in a linear regression model

b

if supplied, the vector of constants on the right hand side of the equations. When omitted the values b1, b2, ..., bn will be used as placeholders

vars

a numeric or character vector of names of the variables. If supplied, the length must be equal to the number of unknowns in the equations. The default is paste0("x", 1:ncol(A).

simplify

logical; try to simplify the equations?

reduce

logical; only show the unique linear equations

fractions

logical; express numbers as rational fractions, using the fractions function; if you require greater accuracy, you can set the cycles (default 10) and/or max.denominator (default 2000) arguments to fractions as a global option, e.g., options(fractions=list(cycles=100, max.denominator=10^4)).

latex

logical; print equations in a form suitable for LaTeX output?

Author

Michael Friendly, John Fox, and Phil Chalmers

References

Fox, J. and Friendly, M. (2016). "Visualizing Simultaneous Linear Equations, Geometric Vectors, and Least-Squares Regression with the matlib Package for R". useR Conference, Stanford, CA, June 27 - June 30, 2016.

See Also

plotEqn, plotEqn3d, latexMatrix

Examples

  A <- matrix(c(2, 1, -1,
               -3, -1, 2,
               -2,  1, 2), 3, 3, byrow=TRUE)
  b <- c(8, -11, -3)
  showEqn(A, b)
  # show numerically
  x <- solve(A, b)
  showEqn(A, b, vars=x)

  showEqn(A, b, simplify=TRUE)
  showEqn(A, b, latex=TRUE)


 # lower triangle of equation with zeros omitted (for back solving)
  A <- matrix(c(2, 1, 2,
               -3, -1, 2,
               -2,  1, 2), 3, 3, byrow=TRUE)
  U <- LU(A)$U
  showEqn(U, simplify=TRUE, fractions=TRUE)
  showEqn(U, b, simplify=TRUE, fractions=TRUE)

 ####################
 # Linear models Design Matricies
  data(mtcars)
  ancova <- lm(mpg ~ wt + vs, mtcars)
  summary(ancova)
  showEqn(ancova)
  showEqn(ancova, simplify=TRUE)
  showEqn(ancova, vars=round(coef(ancova),2))
  showEqn(ancova, vars=round(coef(ancova),2), simplify=TRUE)

  twoway_int <- lm(mpg ~ vs * am, mtcars)
  summary(twoway_int)
  car::Anova(twoway_int)
  showEqn(twoway_int)
  showEqn(twoway_int, reduce=TRUE)
  showEqn(twoway_int, reduce=TRUE, simplify=TRUE)

  # Piece-wise linear regression
  x <- c(1:10, 13:22)
  y <- numeric(20)
  y[1:10] <- 20:11 + rnorm(10, 0, 1.5)
  y[11:20] <- seq(11, 15, len=10) + rnorm(10, 0, 1.5)
  plot(x, y, pch = 16)

  x2 <- as.numeric(x > 10)
  mod <- lm(y ~ x + I((x - 10) * x2))
  summary(mod)
  lines(x, fitted(mod))
  showEqn(mod)
  showEqn(mod, vars=round(coef(mod),2))
  showEqn(mod, simplify=TRUE)