modules (version 0.13.0)

extend: Extend existing module definitions

Description

extend can be used to extend an existing module definition. This can be very useful to write unit tests when they need to have access to private member functions of the module. This function breaks encapsulation of modules and should be used with great care. As a mechanism for reuse consider 'composition' using expose and use.

Usage

extend(module, with)

Arguments

module

(character | module) a module as file or folder name or a list representing a module.

with

(expression) an expression to add to the module definition.

Details

A module can be characterized by its source code, the top enclosing environment and the environment the module has been defined in. extend will keep the latter two intact and only change the source code. That means that the new module will have the same scope as the module to be extended. import, use, and export declarations can be added as needed.

This approach gives access to all implementation details of a module and breaks encapsulation. Possible use cases are: unit tests, and hacking the module system when necessary. For general reuse of modules, consider using expose and use which are safer to use.

Since extend will alter the source code, the state of the module is ignored and will not be present in the new module. A fresh instance of that new module is returned and can in turn be extended and/or treated like any other module.

Examples

m1 <- module({
  foo <- function() "foo"
})
m2 <- extend(m1, {
  bar <- function() "bar"
})
m1$foo()
m2$foo()
m2$bar()
# For unit tests consider using:
extend(m1, {
  stopifnot(foo() == "foo")
})