The pseudo-residuals of a moveHMM model, as described in Zucchini and McDonad (2009).
Usage
pseudoRes(m)
Value
A list of:
stepRes
The pseudo-residuals for the step lengths
angleRes
The pseudo-residuals for the turning angles
Arguments
m
A moveHMM object.
Details
If some turning angles in the data are equal to pi, the corresponding pseudo-residuals
will not be included. Indeed, given that the turning angles are defined on (-pi,pi], an angle of pi
results in a pseudo-residual of +Inf (check Section 6.2 of reference for more information on the
computation of pseudo-residuals).
References
Zucchini, W. and MacDonald, I.L. 2009.
Hidden Markov Models for Time Series: An Introduction Using R.
Chapman & Hall (London).
# m is a moveHMM object (as returned by fitHMM), automatically loaded with the packagem <- example$m
res <- pseudoRes(m)
qqnorm(res$stepRes)
qqnorm(res$angleRes)