a one sided formula of the form ~ t
, or ~ t |
g
, specifying a time covariate t
and, optionally, a
grouping factor g
. A covariate for this correlation structure
must be integer valued. When a grouping factor is present in
form
, the correlation structure is assumed to apply only
to observations within the same grouping level; observations with
different grouping levels are assumed to be uncorrelated. Defaults to
~ 1
, which corresponds to using the order of the observations
in the data as a covariate, and no groups.