oce (version 1.1-1)

pwelch: Welch periodogram

Description

Compute periodogram using the Welch (1967) method. First, x is broken up into chunks, overlapping as specified by noverlap. These chunks are then detrended with detrend, multiplied by the window, and then passed to spectrum. The resulting spectra are then averaged, with the results being stored in spec of the return value. Other entries of the return value mimic those returned by spectrum.

Usage

pwelch(x, window, noverlap, nfft, fs, spectrumtype, esttype, plot = TRUE,
  debug = getOption("oceDebug"), ...)

Arguments

x

a vector or timeseries to be analyzed. If a timeseries, then there is no need to specify fs.

window

window specification, either a single value giving the number of windows to use, or a vector of window coefficients. If not specified, then 8 windows are used, each with a Hamming (raised half-cosine) window.

noverlap

number of points to overlap between windows. If not specified, this will be set to half the window length.

nfft

length of FFT. This cannot be given if window is given, and the latter is a single integer.

fs

frequency of time-series. If x is a time-series, and if fs is supplied, then time-series is altered to have frequency fs.

spectrumtype

not used (yet)

esttype

not used (yet)

plot

logical, set to TRUE to plot the spectrum.

debug

a flag that turns on debugging. Set to 1 to get a moderate amount of debugging information, or to 2 to get more.

…

optional extra arguments to be passed to spectrum. Unless specified in this list, spectrum is called with plot=FALSE to prevent plotting the separate spectra, and with taper=0, which is not needed with the default Hanning window. However, the other defaults of spectrum are used, e.g. detrend=TRUE.

Value

List mimicking the return value from spectrum, containing frequency freq, spectral power spec, degrees of freedom df, bandwidth bandwidth, etc.

Bugs

Both bandwidth and degrees of freedom are just copied from the values for one of the chunk spectra, and are thus incorrect. That means the cross indicated on the graph is also incorrect.

References

Welch, P. D., 1967. The Use of Fast Fourier Transform for the Estimation of Power Spectra: A Method Based on Time Averaging Over Short, Modified Periodograms. IEEE Transactions on Audio Electroacoustics, AU-15, 70--73.

Examples

# NOT RUN {
library(oce)
Fs <- 1000
t <- seq(0, 0.296, 1/Fs)
x <- cos(2 * pi * t * 200) + rnorm(n=length(t))
xts <- ts(x, frequency=Fs)
s <- spectrum(xts, spans=c(3,2), main="random + 200 Hz", log='no')
w <- pwelch(xts, plot=FALSE)
lines(w$freq, w$spec, col="red")
w2 <- pwelch(xts, nfft=75, plot=FALSE)
lines(w2$freq, w2$spec, col='green')
abline(v=200, col="blue", lty="dotted")
cat("Checking spectral levels with Parseval's theorem:\n")
cat("var(x)                              = ", var(x), "\n")
cat("2 * sum(s$spec) * diff(s$freq[1:2]) = ", 2 * sum(s$spec) * diff(s$freq[1:2]), "\n")
cat("sum(w$spec) * diff(s$freq[1:2])     = ", sum(w$spec) * diff(w$freq[1:2]), "\n")
cat("sum(w2$spec) * diff(s$freq[1:2])    = ", sum(w2$spec) * diff(w2$freq[1:2]), "\n")
## co2
par(mar=c(3,3,2,1), mgp=c(2,0.7,0))
s <- spectrum(co2, plot=FALSE)
plot(log10(s$freq), s$spec * s$freq,
     xlab=expression(log[10]*Frequency), ylab="Power*Frequency", type='l')
title("Variance-preserving spectrum")
pw <- pwelch(co2, nfft=256, plot=FALSE)
lines(log10(pw$freq), pw$spec * pw$freq, col='red')
# }